非洲菊耐热变异株系的筛选和田间鉴定
摘要：
【目的】以非洲菊‘深圳5号’（S5）品种为材料筛选耐热株系。【方法】利用组织培养体系,以EMS诱变和多代间歇高温筛选的方法获得耐热变异体EH和H10,经继代增殖、生根后定植于大棚,在自然高温条件下测定植株叶的生长及耐热相关生理生化变化、产花量以及花品质等指标。【结果】经间歇高温筛选获得的非洲菊组培苗耐热变异株系H10与对照相比,叶面积增大,叶绿素含量有所提高,在珠海温度最高的7、8月份,产花量分别比对照提高55.67%和53.27%,花径增加5.57%和5.70%,花梗长度增加10.35%和11.77%,花瓣的花色素苷含量明显高于对照组;在自然高温条件下,H10的叶片细胞膜透性具有较好的稳定性,且明显低于对照组,脯氨酸含量增高,超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性增强。EH在生长状况、产花量和成花品质等各方面都未优于对照组。【结论】经过大棚种植鉴定和相关生理生化指标测定,认为H10可以作为一个优良的非洲菊耐热新品系。
关键词: 非洲菊, 耐热性, 离体筛选, 田间鉴定
Abstract:
【Objective】 The objective of the experiment is to screen heat-tolerant variants in Gerbera hybrida with Shenzhen 5 (S5) as material. 【Method】 Heat tolerant lines EH and H10 were obtained by in vitro screening with treatments of EMS and intermittent high temperature. After rooting, the regenerated plants were transferred to field. The growth and some physiological and biochemical changes of leaf, the yield and quality of cut flower under natural high temperature environment were determined. 【Result】 Compared with the control, the leaf area of H10 was larger and chlorophyll content was higher. In July and August, the hottest months of the year in Zhuhai, the flower yield of H10 increased by 55.67% and 53.27% and flower diameter increased by 5.57% and 5.70%, scape length increased by 10.35% and 11.77%, respectively, and the anthocyanin content of H10 petals was also obviously higher than that of the control. Moreover, H10 showed higher membrane stability with lower permeability, higher proline content and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Nevertheless, EH had no significant improvement in the characters of plant growth, flower yield and quality under natural high temperature conditions. 【Conclusion】 H10 would be an excellent heat-tolerant variant of G. hybrida from the field identification and determination of physiological and biochemical changes.
Key words: Gerbera hybrida, heat tolerance, in vitro screening, field identification
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