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水产养殖水质调控2教学资料

花匠小妙招
2024-12-17 08:07

1、 1.6.2.2 Physical control 1.Improve bottom layer quality v改善底质 2.Water resource treatment v水源处理 3.Water exchange or refill v更换或补充新水 1.6.2.3 Biological control生物控制 v1、Increse useful zoonplankton through artificial culture. v2、Microecologics微生态制剂 v3、Photosynthetic bacteria光合细菌 v4、Higher aquatic plants

2、水生植物 1.6.3 Biological control of water quality v养殖水体水质生物调控措施 1.6.3.1 Obsercation of color and transparency水色和透明度观察“看水” vThe fisherman observe the pond water mainly about渔民看水主要依据 1. water color (water expression)水色(水华) （1 1）The relationship between water color and plant plankton （Table1-1） Pigment C

3、olorColorAlgaeAlgae chlorophyll green green algae, euglena yellow pigment yellow, yellow- brown diatom, golden algae, dinoflagellate, Cryptomanas phycobilin leucocyan blue, blue-green blue algae rhodophyll purpleblue algae （2）Water color (water expression) in rich water 肥水肥水“水华水华”类型类型 The phenomenon

4、 that the water shows evident color owing to the mass propagation of plant plankton is call water expression. It can be divided into the follow types according to its apperance （Table1-2）: Type of water expression Water appearance The composition of algae Water evaluation solution non-flagellate eve

5、n and stable stable water cloudiness flagellate light-and shade good water but with the danger of going bad membranaceo us blue algae with simulated vacuole covered the water surface Good and bad are all possible （Table1-3） water quality grade water color water expression type good water brown, yell

6、ow- brown, green- brown cloudiness, solution-like bad water blue、purple membranaceo us common water green solution-like 2. transparency透明度透明度（1）Water transparency and the phytoplankton 透明度与浮游植物的关系（2）Water transparency and the water fertility 透明度与水体肥度（Table1-4） Water fertility transparency plant p

7、lankton amount water color High unfertile wate 100 5 no color Unfertile water 100-50 5-10 a little color Fertile water 50(40)-20 10(20)-100 tinted High fertile water 20-10 100-200 rich color Used out water 200 very rich color 3. Observation of water nutrition水体肥瘦水体肥瘦与水质判别与水质判别 vIii Water fertility

8、and the water quality: fertilized, circulating, fresh, cleanThe meaing of fertilized, circulating, fresh and clean in biology肥、活、嫩、爽 vThe good water in fishermans eye is high summarize as the four words. This is much more comprehensive than only judge the water by its color. vHowever, there actually

9、 has an concept of biological meaning of the four words. Its quite essential to make this clear by test the species and quantity of the plant plankton. （1）Fertility. The concept of fertile water is not unified now. some according to the nutritive saltsand and dissolved organic matter quantity, some

10、according to the amount of plankton. vBut in a fishermans eye, the sign of fertile water is the rich color of it, which means the quantity of plant plankton. (2) circulating means there are changes of water color and transparency (3) fresh means the water is fertilize and vigorous. (4) clean the pre

11、mise is fresh, which means the plant plankton is growing, and the same time there is few other suspendedsolids like mud in the water. vwe can see the biological standard of the water for fish cultivation in a fishermans eye: A.The quantity of plant plankton should be 20- 100 milligram per liter.浮游植物

12、量浮游植物量20100毫克毫克/升升 B.Many Flagellatae, few small-size blue algae.鞭鞭毛藻类较多，小型蓝藻较少毛藻类较多，小型蓝藻较少 C.The algae community in a growing period and no senescence of the cell.藻类种群处于增长期，细藻类种群处于增长期，细胞未老化胞未老化 D.Not too much suspended substance except plankton.浮游生物以外的其它悬浮物不过多浮游生物以外的其它悬浮物不过多 1.6.3.2 1.6.3.2 Regul

13、ation of Water Regulation of Water FertilityFertility水体肥度调控水体肥度调控 The fertility of breeding water mainly depends on the quantity of phytoplankton; more phytoplankton means fertile,while less phytoplankton means poor. So the water named differently accordingly as fertile water, poor water, old water,

14、 and even good water (in terms of quality) . The regulation of water fertility for increasing species yield just obey the ground rules as follows. 1.Making poor water become fertile廋水变肥廋水变肥 Reasons for being poor:(1) lack of nutritional salt; (2)phytoplankton has been intaken by zoonplankton. Water

15、control: Add fertilizer(Organic or non- organic) or nutritional salt (nitrogen and phosphorus) 2.Not letting fertile water become old肥水肥水不老不老 In old water phytoplankton over multiply. And the water is lack of nutritive salt and light so photosynthesis cannot work properly. Old water is the water in

16、 which phytoplankton cell becomes old. Water control: At around 10 am of sunny day, use （1PPM）CuSO4 to kill green algae. At around 5 pm, drain half of the pond and refill with new water. 3. Old becomes good老水转好老水转好 Good water must be fertile water, which means that there are sufficient phytoplankton as primary producer to be eaten by raised animals and bait animals, in the me