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刺花莲子草Alternanthera pungens H. B. K.

花匠小妙招
2024-12-19 05:12

刺花莲子草Alternanthera pungens H. B. K.

别名：khakiweed;

科名：苋科 Amaranthaceae

属名：莲子草属 Alternanthera

《中国植物志》第25(2)卷234页
  2.刺花莲子草
  Alternanthera pungens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 206. 1818; Fl. Europ. 1: 110. 1964 ——Achyranthes repens L. Sp. Pl. 205. 1753.——Alternanthera repens (L.) Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 154. 1821, non Gmelin 1791.——Alternanthera repens Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 1: 65. 1840; O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 2: 540. 1891; Backer in Van Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4: 91. 1949.
  一年生草本；茎披散，匍匐，有多数分枝，铺在地面20-30厘米，密生伏贴白色硬毛。叶片卵形、倒卵形或椭圆倒卵形，长1.5-4.5厘米，宽5-15毫米，在一对叶中大小不等，顶端圆钝，有一短尖，基部渐狭，两面无毛或疏生伏贴毛；叶柄长3-10毫米，无毛或有毛。头状花序无总花梗，1-3个，腋生，白色，球形或矩圆形，长5-10毫米；苞片披针形，长约4毫米，顶端有锐刺；小苞片披针形，长3-4毫米，顶端渐尖，无刺；花被片大小不等，2外花被片披针形，长约5毫米，凸形，在下半部有3脉，花期后变硬，近基部左右有丛毛，中脉伸出成锐刺，中部花被片长椭圆形，长3-3.5毫米，扁平，近顶端牙齿状，凸尖，近基部左右有丛毛，2内花被片小，凸形，环包子房，在背部有丛毛；雄蕊5，花丝长0.5-0.75毫米；退化雄蕊远比花丝短，全缘、凹缺或不规则牙齿状；花柱极短。胞果宽椭圆形，长1-1.5毫米，褐色，极扁平，顶端截形或稍凹。花期5月，果期7月。
  南美原产，在福建厦门海边发现。生在路旁阳地，为一归化植物，蔓延很快。花被片顶端变成刺扎人，农民对这种植物极为厌恶。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Alternanthera pungens Kunth in Humboldt & Bonpland
刺花莲子草 ci hua lian zi cao
Achyranthes repens Linnaeus; Alternanthera repens (Linnaeus) Link.
Herbs annual. Stem diffuse, creeping, much branched, 20-30 cm tall, densely rigidly hairy. Petiole 3-10 mm, glabrous or hairy; leaf blade ovate, obovate, or elliptic-obovate, 1.5-4.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, unequal in each pair, glabrous or annexed pilose, base acuminate, apex obtuse. Heads sessile, 1-3, axillary, white, globose or oblong, 5-10 mm. Bracts lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, spiny at apex; bracteoles lanceolate, 3-4 mm, apex acuminate, without spines. Tepals unequal, outer 2 lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, 3-veined below, rigid after anthesis, midvein stretching into spines; central segment elliptic, 3-3.5 mm, compressed; inner 2 small, enclosing ovary. Stamens 5; filaments 0.5-0.8 mm; pseudostaminodes shorter than filaments, entire or irregularly dentate. Style very short. Utricles brown, broadly ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
Roadsides. Fujian, Sichuan [native to South America; naturalized in Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, ?other parts of Indo-China, Australia, and United States].
One of us (Clemants) notes that the name Alternanthera pungens has been misapplied here and that this taxon should instead be treated as A. caracasana Humboldt et al.