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蝶形花亚科花发育的基因调控网络

花匠小妙招
2024-12-19 23:55

摘要:

植物千姿百态的花结构与其繁衍方式和生存环境密切相关，是其与传粉生物共同适应外界环境等共进化的结果。豆科植物种类众多，花型各异，为人类提供了丰富的食物和生活资源。蝶形花亚科作为豆科最大的亚科，与拟南芥等模式植物不同，蝶形花亚科植物存在复合花序、共同原基和不同对称性的花器官等复杂和精巧的结构及发育过程，为研究植物花发育的分子机制提供了丰富的材料。本文以当前研究比较深入的蝶形花亚科植物大豆、豌豆、蒺藜苜蓿和百脉根为例，介绍了豆科蝶形花亚科植物的花发育过程，重点总结了花分生组织属性决定、花序发育、花器官属性的决定和花型发育的基因调控网络，以期为豆科花发育研究和改良提供理论依据。

关键词: 蝶形花亚科 / 花发育 / 大豆 / 豌豆 / 蒺藜苜蓿 / 百脉根

Abstract:

The various floral structures of plants are attributed to their styles of procreation and living environment, which are the results of their coevolution with pollinators to adapt to the external environment.Leguminous plants exhibit different flower types and provide abundant food and living resources for human beings.As the largest subfamily of Leguminosae, Papilionoideae plants display more sophisticated procedures and structures than Arabidopsis, such as compound inflorescence, common primordium and asymmetrical floral organs, so this subfamily possesses plenty of floral variations for the study of floral development.In this paper, we surveyed the progress of floral development in Papilionoideae through four representative plants, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicas, and summarized the gene regulatory networks of floral meristem identity, inflorescence, floral organ identity and floral symmetry.This work would provide theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of floral development and improvement in Leguminosae.

注：拟南芥(A)、金鱼草(B)和蝶形花亚科(C)花图式。浅绿部分表示苞片，绿色部分表示萼片，红色部分表示花瓣，黄色部分表示雄蕊，交叉位置表示退化雄蕊，灰色部分表示心皮，黑色圆圈表示花轴。

Note: The floral diagrams of Arabidopsis thaliana(A), Antirrhinum majus (B)and Papilionoideae(C).The light green part represents bract, the green part represents sepal, the red part represents petal, the yellow part represents stamen, the cross position represents staminode, the gray part represents carpel, and the black circle represents rachis.

图 1 模式植物与蝶形花亚科植物花图式

Figure 1. Floral diagrams of model plants and Papilionoideae

注：大豆(A)、豌豆(B)、蒺藜苜蓿(C)和百脉根(D)成熟的花，标尺，2 mm；(E)蝶形花亚科植物花发育阶段模式图，绿色部分表示萼片，红色部分表示花瓣，蓝色部分表示共同原基，黄色部分表示雄蕊，灰色部分表示心皮，FS表示花发育阶段。

Note: The flowers of Glycine max(A), Pisum sativum (B), Medicago truncatula(C) and Lotus japonicas(D), scale bar, 2 mm.(E) Schematic diagram of floral development of Papilionoideae.The green part represents sepal, the red part represents petal, the blue part represents common primordia, the yellow part represents stamen, and the gray part represents carpel, FS represents floral developmental stage.

图 2 蝶形花亚科代表性植物的花和发育阶段模式图

Figure 2. Representative flowers and schematic diagram of floral development in Papilionoideae

注：大豆(A)、豌豆(B)、蒺藜苜蓿(C)和百脉根(D)花发育过程的基因调控网络示意图。I1M代表初级花序分生组织；I2M代表次级花序分生组织；FP代表花原基；CP代表共同原基。黑色的箭头和短线分别表示正调控和负调控作用。

Note: Schematic diagram of gene regulatory networks of floral development of Glycine max(A), Pisum sativum(B), Medicago truncatula(C) and Lotus japonicas(D).I1M, primary inflorescence meristem; I2M, secondary inflorescence meristem; FP, floral primordium; CP, common primordium.Black lines ending in an arrow and ending in a bar denote positive and negative regulatory interactions respectively.

图 3 蝶形花亚科四种植物花发育基因调控网络示意图[7-36]

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of gene regulatory networks of floral development in Papilionoideae

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