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沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn.

花匠小妙招
2024-12-22 14:21

沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn.

别名：Russian olive;香柳;金铃花;沙枣树;雏柳;根柳;桂香柳;吉格代;吉格德;七里香;狭叶沙枣;砂枣;牙格达;银柳胡颓子;鸡哥代;十里香;银柳;红豆;则给德毛道;狭叶胡颓子;

科名：胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae

属名：胡颓子属 Elaeagnus

《中国植物志》第52(2)卷040页
34.沙枣（甘肃）七里香（享利中国植物名录），香柳、刺柳、桂香柳（河南），银柳（辽宁熊岳），银柳胡颓子（东北木本植物图志），牙格达、红豆、则给毛道（蒙名），给结格代（维名）。
Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn., Sp. Pl. 176. 1753; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 402. 1894; Rehd. et Wils. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 9: 98. 1928; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学874. 1937;中国高等植物图鉴2: 969.图3fi68. 1972.——E. hortensis M. B. Marsch. a Bieberst. Fl. Taur-cauc. 1: 112. 1808; Schlechtend. in DC., Prodr. 14: 609. 1857; Maxim. in Mel. Biol. (Acad. Sci. St. Petersb.) 7: 559. 1870; Serv. in Bot. Centralbl. 8eih. 25: 34. 1909.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Elaeagnus angustifolia Linnaeus
沙枣 sha zao
Shrubs or small trees, 3-7(-10) m tall. Bark reddish brown; spines absent or sharp, 0.7-3 cm; young branches and both leaf surfaces silvery white, densely stellate-scaly, or adaxially grayish green or green and nearly without scales (var. virescens). Petiole 5-8 mm, 1/5-1/4 as long as blade; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate, ovate, or oblong-ovate, (2.5-)4-8(-10) × 0.4-3.2(-4) cm, adaxially dull green, or both surfaces silvery, with only white scales, base usually broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or subacute. Flowers 1-3 in axils of older leaves. Pedicel short, ca. 2 mm. Flowers fragrant, outside silvery white, with dense white scales and sparse small yellowish glands, inside yellow. Calyx tube campanulate or broadly campanulate (f. culta), ca. as long as limb, 5-6 × 2.5-3(-5) mm; lobes lanceolate, ovate, or triangular-lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube, inside yellow and glabrous, with sparse small brownish glands, distinctly 3-veined, apex ± acute. Filaments short; anthers oblong. Style base enclosed by tubular disk, curved in upper part, ca. as long as calyx. Drupe yellowish brown, globose-ovoid, globose, or subglobose (var. caspica), 0.7-2.5 × 0.5-1.3 cm, densely silvery scaly when young, subglabrous when mature; scales sparse, brownish; flesh sweet, mealy; stone oblong, oblong-ovoid, or narrowly cylindric (f. culta), both ends obtuse or pointed. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 28.
Sea coasts, river and lake shores, dry river beds, mountains. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, NW India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, E Europe; naturalized in North America].
This species is widely grown for its fruit ("Russian Olive," "Trebizond date"), and local cultivars have been developed. It also produces a valuable gum and useful timber, and is used for land reclamation. It can be invasive and has been declared a noxious weed in some parts of North America.

《全国中草药汇编》:沙枣

【拼音名】 Shā Zǎo
【别名】银柳、桂香柳、牙格达、红豆、则给德毛道[蒙名]、吉格代[维名]
【来源】为胡颓子科胡颓子属植物沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia L.，以果实，树皮入药。树皮四季可才剥，刮去外层老皮，剥取内皮，晒干备用。果实在秋末冬初成熟时采摘晒干。
【性味】树皮：酸、微苦，凉。果实：酸、微甘，凉。
【功能主治】树皮：清热凉血，收敛止痛。用于慢性气管炎，胃痛，肠炎，白带；外用治烧烫伤，止血。
果实：健脾止泻。用于消化不良。
【用法用量】树皮：1～3钱；果0.5～1两；外用适量，树皮煎浓液涂患处。
【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》