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套袋对桃果实发育后期果皮类胡萝卜素的影响

花匠小妙招
2024-12-25 16:26

摘要:

目的为了提高黄肉桃果实的外观品质，通过合理套袋科学指导黄肉桃生产栽培。

方法以图八德黄肉桃为试材，于盛花后50 d分别进行黄色单层袋、外黄内黑双层袋果实套袋，以不套袋处理为对照。盛花后98、105、110 d测定图八德果实发育后期果实的单果重、果皮色差、类胡萝卜素含量的变化。

结果两个套袋处理均显著提高了图八德果皮的光泽度和色彩鲜艳度，但对果实大小没有显著影响。与对照相比，黄色单层袋处理使果皮叶黄素含量在盛花后98 d显著升高，105 d时显著降低；而外黄内黑双层袋处理显著降低果皮叶黄素含量；果实成熟时，其含量均接近0。黄色单层袋处理显著降低了果皮玉米黄素的含量；在盛花后98 d时，外黄内黑双层袋处理对玉米黄素的含量没有影响，而在盛花后105、110 d时，显著降低玉米黄素的含量。两个套袋处理对果皮β-隐黄质含量的影响不明显。黄色单层袋处理对α-胡萝卜素含量的影响不明显；外黄内黑双层袋处理显著提高α-胡萝卜素含量。两个套袋处理的β-胡萝卜素的含量在盛花后98、105 d与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）；果实成熟时，两个套袋处理均显著提高了果皮β-胡萝卜素的含量。尤其是外黄内黑双层袋处理后，果皮β-胡萝卜素的含量提高了6.69 mg·hg-1。

结论建议在田间栽培管理上，对黄肉桃进行外黄内黑双层袋套袋栽培，可提高黄肉桃果皮光泽度和色彩鲜艳度以及α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素含量。

关键词: 桃 / 套袋 / 类胡萝卜素 / 单果重 / 色差

Abstract:

Objective To enhance the coloration of yellow peaches by bagging the fruits on the trees.

Method Yellow single-layer or yellow-and-black two-layer paper pouches were used to cover the Tubade peaches 50 d after full bloom, in comparison with no bagging as CK. The individual fruit weight as well as the chromatic aberration and carotenoids content of peel were measured in the late peach developmental stages.

Result Either of the applied bagging material could enrich the glossiness and saturation of the peels with no effect on fruit weight. The yellow pouches did not exert a consistent effect on xanthophylls, whereas, the two-layer pouches significantly reduced the content in the peels as compared to CK. Upon ripening, the xanthophylls contents of all treatments were close to 0. The yellow pouches significantly reduced the zeaxanthins, whereas, the two-layer pouches showed no effect on it 48 d but significantly reduced the content 55 d and 60 d after bagging. There was no significant effect on β-cryptoxanthin by the bagging or on α-carotene in peels of the fruits covered by the yellow pouches. However, the two-layer pouches significantly increased the α-carotene content than CK. Both bagging treatments significantly raised the β-carotene content in peels of the ripe fruits but not significantly (P>0.05) as compared with CK on 48 d or 55 d after the treatments, which was 6.69 mg·hg-1 higher than CK with two-layer treatment at riping stage.

Conclusion Bagging the peaches on trees cultivated on an orchard with the yellow-outside-and-black-inside paper pouches could increase glossiness and as well as the contents of α-carotene and β-carotene on the peels improving the appearance of the fruits.

图 1 套袋对图八德果实发育后期单果重的影响

注：CK为对照，即不套袋处理; Ⅰ为套黄色单层袋处理，Ⅱ为套外黄内黑双层袋处理。不同字母表示在同一发育阶段中不同处理条件下差异显著(P < 0.05)。表 1、图 2、图 3同。

Figure 1. Effect of bagging on fruit weight of Tubade peaches in later developmental stages

Note:CK indicates no bagging for comparison with treatments; Ⅰ.yellow single-layer pouches; Ⅱ.yellow-black two-layer pouches. Data with different letters in a same row represent significant difference at 0.05 level among different treatments in a same developmental stage.The same as Table 2, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.

图 2 不同套袋对图八德果实发育后期果皮颜色的影响

Figure 2. Effect of bagging on color of Tubade peach peels in later developmental stage

图 3 套袋对图八德果实发育后期果皮类胡萝卜素成分的影响

Figure 3. Effect of bagging on carotenoids content of Tubade peach peels in later developmental stage

表 1 不同套袋对图八德果皮色差的影响

Table 1 Effect of bagging on chromatic aberration of Tubade peach peels in same developmental stage

盛花后天数
Days after full bloom/d处理
Treatment 色差a值
Chromatism a value 色差b值
Chromatism b value 色差c值
Chromatism c value 色差L值
Chromatism L value 色差h值
Chromatism h value 98 CK 15.51±3.37a 26.45±4.47b 32.12±2.93b 59.27±7.81b 48.95±4.19b I 6.66±3.00b 38.25±1.87a 39.12±1.76a 80.35±4.24a 60.23±1.80a Ⅱ 7.13±1.77b 40.39±1.91a 41.12±2.14a 80.13±2.09a 61.84±1.68a 105 CK 18.17±0.87a 27.74±5.98c 34.20±4.67c 56.76±6.29b 50.04±4.43c I 13.14±2.41b 37.86±2.33b 40.50±2.31b 71.17±3.32a 56.75±2.94b Ⅱ 11.64±1.72b 43.54±1.58a 45.18±1.72a 75.15±2.07a 60.31±0.94a 110 CK 20.83±1.64a 26.22±2.56c 34.21±2.19c 49.64±3.38c 50.21±2.58c I 16.07±4.63b 40.34±3.35b 44.06±1.84b 67.58±7.02b 61.65±3.19b Ⅱ 13.64±2.28b 44.05±2.55a 46.21±2.93a 72.77±2.32a 64.23±1.95a注：不同字母表示同一个品种在同一发育阶段中不同处理条件下在0.05水平差异显著。色差a值代表红色饱和度(正值代表红色，正值越大，红色越深)；色差b值代表黄色饱和度(正值代表黄色，正值越大，黄色越深)；色差L值代表亮度值；色差c值代表色彩饱和度；色差h值代表色度角(h=0，紫红色；h=90，黄色；h=180，绿色)。
Note：With different letters in a same row represent significant difference at 0.05 level among different treatments in a same developmental stage. Chromatism a represents saturation of red color, the higher positive value represents deeper red; Chromatism b, saturation of yellow color, the higher positive value, the deeper the color; L, brightness; c, color saturation; and, h, hue (h=0 reddish purple; h=90, yellow; and, h=180, green). [1]

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