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石楠Photinia serrulata Lindl.

花匠小妙招
2024-12-25 20:20

石楠Photinia serrulata Lindl.

别名：水红树;山官木;细齿石楠;石岩树叶;红树叶;凿木;猪林子;Taiwanese photinia;

科名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae

Photinia

《中国植物志》第36卷220页
1. 石楠（广群芳谱）凿木（中国种子植物科属辞典，千年红、扇骨木（南京土名），笔树、石眼树（江苏土名），将军梨、石楠柴（浙江土名），石纲（福建土名），凿角（广东土名），山官木（广西土名）图版28：1-6
Photinia serrulata Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 13: 103. 1822. excl. syn. Crataegus glabra Thunb.; DC. Prodr. 2: 631. 1825; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. n. ser. 10: sub t. 1956. 1837; Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: 707. f. 390 a-b. 391 a-b. 1906; Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30 (1): 104. 1911 & Ic. Pl. Formos. 1: 247. 1911; Rehd. & Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 184. 1912; Koidz. in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 34 (2): 65. 1913; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 5: 69. f. 12. 1915; Card. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.Paris 25: 399. 1919; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb 13: 306. 1932; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 478. 1933; Kanehira, Formos. Trees 265. f. 211. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学434. 图331. 1937; Li in Lloydia 14: 233. 1951; Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley 170. f. 162. 1958; 裴鉴、周太炎, 中国药用植物志6: 图266. 1958; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册350. 图560. 1959; Liu, Ill. Nat. Intr. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 1: 438. f. 372. 1960; Li. Woody Fl. Taiwan 280. 1963; Shimizu in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 21: 18. 1964; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 30: 258. 1970; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 208. 图2145. 1972.——P. glabra var. chinersis Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19: 179. 1873.——Stranvaesia argyi Levl. in Mem. Acad. Sci. Art. Barcelona ser. 3. 12: 560. 1916. pro syn. Sorbus calleryana Dcne. ——P. serrulata var. aculeata Lawrence in Gentes Herb. 8: 80. 1949.
形态特征：常绿灌木或小乔木，高4-6米，少数达12米。小枝褐灰色，无毛。叶革质，长椭圆形、长倒卵形或倒卵状椭圆形，长9-22厘米，宽3-6.5厘米，边缘有疏生带腺细锯齿，近基部全缘，无毛。复伞房花序顶生，总花梗和花梗无毛，花白色。梨果球形，直径5-6毫米，红色或褐紫色。花期4-5月
用途：树形优美，绿化树种。木材红褐1色，致密，用于工具柄、木梭、算盘球等。叶和根入药，能祛风止痛、主治头风头痛、风湿筋骨疼痛等。叶可制农药，治棉蚜虫。根可提制栲胶。果可酿酒。
分布：产九冲、新华樟树坪、松柏羊圈沟等。
生境：生于海拔700-1400米的沟谷、山坡疏林中或灌木丛中。
繁殖方式：播种和插条繁殖。
同属提示：同属植物毛叶石楠Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC.落叶小乔木，产于大岩屋和红坪一带海拔1600-1800米的沟谷、山坡。种子含油可制肥皂及润滑油，也可制油漆。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Photinia serratifolia (Desfontaines) Kalkman
石楠 shi nan
Shrubs or trees, evergreen, 4–6(–12) m tall. Branchlets brown or reddish brown when young, brownish gray when old, glabrous; buds ovoid, 4–7 mm, apex acute to shortly acuminate; scales several, brown. Petiole 2–4 cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate, or obovate-elliptic, (6–)9–22 × 3–6.5 cm, leathery, veins 20–30 pairs, midvein raised abaxially and impressed adaxially, abaxially long pubescent along veins when young, both surfaces glabrous when mature, adaxially lustrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin sparsely or inconspicuously toothed or entire, apex acuminate. Compound corymbs terminal, 8–12 × 10–16 cm; rachis and pedicels glabrous, villous, or tomentose. Pedicel 3–5 mm. Flowers 6–8 mm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, 1–1.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Sepals broadly triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute or obtuse. Petals white, suborbicular, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous or villous. Stamens 20, outer ones longer than inner ones. Ovary pilose apically; styles 2, sometimes 3, connate at base, not exceeding stamens; stigma capitate. Fruit red when immature, brownish purple when mature, globose, 5–6 mm in diam., with 1 seed; seeds brownish, ovoid, 2–2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
Mixed forests, roadsides, slopes, fields, mountain areas, sea shores; sea level to 2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [S India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines].

【拼音名】 Shí Nán
【别名】扇骨木、千年红
【来源】蔷薇科石楠属植物石楠Photinia serrulata Lindl.，以根和叶入药。根秋季采，洗净切片晒干。叶随用随采，或夏季采晒干。
【性味】辛、苦，平。有小毒
【功能主治】祛风止痛。用于头风头痛，腰膝无力，风湿筋骨疼痛。
【用法用量】 1～3钱。
【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》