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花生根系分泌物的鉴定和化感作用研究

花匠小妙招
2024-12-25 20:38

摘要:

目的

分离鉴定不同花生品种根系分泌物, 探讨花生Arachis hypogaea根系分泌物对花生的化感作用.

方法

采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术和生物测定方法, 分析鉴定2个花生品种桂花22和A. correntina的水培根系分泌物的主要成分及化感作用.

结果和结论

分离鉴定出的花生根分泌物包括有机酸类、醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类、苯类、烃类等, 主要有机化合物有邻苯二甲酸、苯甲醛、草酸、对乙基苯甲酸、丙酰胺、丙氨酸、戊酸等.花生根分泌物中的苯甲醛、对乙基苯甲酸对花生具有化感作用.与对照比, 苯甲醛、对乙基苯甲酸和阿魏酸的低浓度处理(1 × 10-5 mol·L-1)对2个花生品种的株高、根长、地上部干质量和地下部干质量有促进作用或弱抑制作用, 而苯甲醛、对乙基苯甲酸和阿魏酸高浓度处理(1 × 10-3和1 × 10-4 mol·L-1)都存在不同程度的抑制作用, 且与对照差异显著(P < 0.05).与对照相比, 1 × 10-5、1 × 10-4、和1 × 10-3 mol·L-1浓度处理的苯甲醛、对乙基苯甲酸和阿魏酸不同程度地增加了2个花生品种的叶片SOD酶活性、POD酶活性和MDA含量, 且高浓度处理(1 × 10-3 mol·L-1)的叶片SOD酶活性、POD酶活性和MDA含量与对照相比差异达显著水平(P < 0.05).

Abstract:

Objective

To analyze peanut root exudates and study the allelopathic effects of peanut root exudates.

Method

Compounds extracted from peanut root exudates were identified by GC-MS technique. The allelopathic effects of peanut root exudates on the peanut seeding growth were analyzed using biological test at the concentrations of 0, 1 × 10-5, 1 × 10-4 and 1 × 10-3 mol·L-1.

Result and conclusion

The peanut root exudates included organic acid, alcohol, ester, ketone, aldehyde, benzene, hydrocarbon and so on. Benzaldehyde and 4-ethylbenzoic acid, which showed an allelopathic effect on peanut, were found to be the major components of peanut root exudates. 1 × 10-5mol·L-1 Benzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzoic acid and ferulic acid promoted or weakly inhibited peanut seeding stem length, root length, dry mass of root and shoot. Compared with the control, 1 × 10-3 and 1 × 10-4 mol·L-1 benzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzoic acid and ferulic acid significantly inhibited peanut seedling growth (P < 0.05). The SOD activity, POD activity and MDA content of two peanut varieties leaf showed a rising trend to varying degrees at different concentration levels of benzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzoic acid and ferulic acid, and there was significant difference between the high concentration treatment (1 × 10-3 mol ·L-1) and the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there are allelophathic substances in peanut root exudates, which is one of the main factors of continuous cropping barrier of peanut.

表 1 花生根系分泌物GC-MS鉴定结果

Table 1 GC-MS identification results of peanut root exudates

表 2 苯甲醛、对乙基苯甲酸、阿魏酸对花生幼苗生长的影响1)

Table 2 Effects of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and ferulic acid on the growth of peanut seedlings

表 3 苯甲醛、对乙基苯甲酸、阿魏酸对花生幼苗SOD酶、POD酶和MDA含量的影响

Table 3 Effects of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and ferulic acid on SOD activity, POD activity and MDA content of peanut seedlings

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