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斜纹夜蛾对不同寄主植物的取食和产卵选择研究

花匠小妙招
2024-12-26 06:57

摘要： 为明确斜纹夜蛾的转主为害规律、建立区域监测预警及综合防控体系提供理论依据，选取棉花、大豆、红薯、芝麻和花生共5种大面积种植作物，采用培养皿叶盘法和养虫笼产卵法，分析斜纹夜蛾对不同寄主植物的取食偏好及成虫产卵选择性。结果表明，在非选择性取食试验中，斜纹夜蛾一龄幼虫对棉花、大豆、红薯、芝麻、花生叶片均保持较高的取食率，未表现明显的忌避行为。在选择性取食试验中，斜纹夜蛾一龄幼虫对棉花、大豆、红薯、芝麻叶片的取食率随时间呈先上升后下降趋势，对花生叶片的选择取食率呈逐渐下降趋势；从取食叶片面积可以看出，斜纹夜蛾一龄幼虫对红薯叶片的取食量显著高于其他4种寄主植物，对花生叶片的取食量最少，表明斜纹夜蛾幼虫对不同寄主植物的取食具有选择性，取食喜好顺序为红薯>芝麻>棉花、大豆>花生。斜纹夜蛾雌成虫对5种寄主植物亦表现出显著的产卵选择性，单雌成虫在大豆上的产卵量和卵块数最多，分别为574.9粒和2.2块，花生上最少，分别为36.7粒和0.6块，产卵喜好顺序为大豆>红薯>芝麻>棉花>花生。可见，斜纹夜蛾对5种寄主植物具有不同的选择性，表现出不同的行为节律，幼虫取食和成虫产卵的选择性并不一致。

关键词: 斜纹夜蛾, 寄主植物, 取食行为, 产卵行为, 选择

Abstract: Five large-scale planted crops (cotton, soybean, sweet potato, sesame and peanut) were selected to determine the larval feeding and egg-laying preference of Spodoptera litura using the dish-leaf and oviposition-in-cage methods,so as to provide theoretical basis for the host-transfer regularity,regional monitoring and integrative prevention & control system.The results showed that the 1st instar larvae maintained a high feeding rate on the leaves of cotton,soybean,sweet potato,sesame and peanut in the non-selective feeding experiment,and showed no obvious avoidance behavior.In the selective feeding
experiment,the feeding rate of the 1st instar larvae increased first with time elapsed, followed by a decrease on the leaves of cotton, soybean, sweet potato and sesame, while the feeding rate gradually decreased on the leaves of peanut.It was concluded that the 1st instar larvae preferred sweet potato leaves in terms of the leaf-feeding area,which was significantly higher than those of the other four host plants,and eating the least on peanut leaves.These results indicated that the S.litura larva presented different feeding preference to different host plants.The order of feeding preference was sweet potato>sesame>cotton,soybean>peanut.In the egg-laying preference experiment,female adults also showed significant
oviposition preference to five host plants.The number of eggs and egg masses were the largest on soybean(574.9 and 2.2,respectively),with the smallest number on peanut(36.7 and 0.6,respectively).The order of egg-laying preference was soybean>sweet potato>sesame>cotton>peanut.In conclusion,S.litura presents different feeding and oviposition preference to five host plants,and shows different behavioral rhythm.The order of larval feeding preference is inconsistent with that of adult oviposition preference.

Key words: Spodoptera litura, Host plant, Feeding behavior, Oviposition behavior, Selectivity

中图分类号:

S433.4　