中国荞麦属果实形态特征
摘要：
应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产荞麦属Fagopyrum Mill．8种1变种的果实形态和微形态特征进行了观察。结果表明这些种类的果实可分为3类：(1)果实三棱锥状，表面不光滑，无光泽，具皱纹网状纹饰，此种类型的植物有苦荞麦、金荞麦。(2)果实卵圆三棱锥状，表面光滑，有光泽，具条纹纹饰，此种类型的植物有荞麦、长柄野荞麦、线叶野荞麦。(3)果实卵圆三棱锥状，表面光滑，有光泽，具大量的瘤状颗粒和少数模糊的细条纹纹饰，此种类型的植物有硬枝野荞麦、细柄野荞麦、小野荞麦、疏穗小野荞麦。研究结果认为金荞麦与栽培种苦荞麦关系较近。
关键词: 荞麦属, 果实, 形态, 微形态
Abstract:
Macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of fruits in eight species and one variety
of the genus Fagopyrum Mill. (Polygonaceae) from China were observed under stereoscope and
scanning electron microscope(SEM). Based on the results, the fruits of the species studied are di-
vided into type Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The fruits of type Ⅰ are triangular-pyramidal; their surface are rugo-
sely reticulate, neither smooth nor shiny. Two species, F. tataricum and F. dibotrys have this
fruit type. Those of type Ⅱ are ovoid-triangular-pyramidal; their surface are smooth and shiny, and
striately reticulate. Three species, F. esculentum, F. statice and F. lineare, have this fruit
type. In type Ⅲ, the fruits are ovoid-triangular-pyramidal; their surface are smooth and shiny, and
covered with many warty grains and sparsely finely striate. F. urophyllum, F. gracilipes, F. lep-
topodum var. leptopodum, and F. leptopodum var. grossii have this fruit type. Judging from the
morphological characteristics of fruits, F. dibotrys might be more closely related to F. tataricum
than to F. esculentum.Key words: Fagopyrum, Fruit, Macromorphology, Micromorphology
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