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自花传粉与异花传粉: 何者更进化？ ——植物学教材质疑(二)

花匠小妙招
2024-12-27 02:34

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Which is More Evolutional: Self-pollination or Cross-pollination? Questioning Botany Textbooks (Ⅱ)

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摘要

摘要: 传粉生物学的学习对理解被子植物多样性至关重要。中文植物学教材均教导学生, 自花传粉是原始的传粉方式, 异花传粉更为进化, 因为前者会导致近交衰退, 而后者具杂交优势。这种说法其实是对进化内涵的误解。被子植物的基部类群以异花传粉为主, 而自花传粉少见且是次生的; 从异花传粉转变为自花传粉在被子植物中反复、独立地发生。自花传粉之所以被自然选择保留, 是因为在一定条件下表现出近交优势。在自花传粉教学中, 要纠正学生对进化的理解, 引导学生深刻理解近交衰退, 并通过采取辩论式教学方法, 培养学生运用术语进行逻辑性强的论证的能力, 使学生逐步养成儒雅的学者气质。

Abstract

Abstract: Studying pollination biology is essential to understanding the diversity of angiosperms. According to various Chinese textbooks of botany, cross-pollination is more advanced than self-pollination, because the former makes offspring exhibit hybrid vigor and the latter results in inbreeding depression of the descen-dants. This view came from the misunderstanding of evolution. In the basal angiosperms, cross-pollination is the main mode of pollination while the self-pollination is a rare and derived one. Evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing have occurred repetitively and independently in owering plants. The self-pollina-tion is naturally selected due to its advantages of selfing in some circumstances. In the lecture on self-polli-nation, the teachers should focus on correcting the concept of evolution, and delivering a deep understanding of inbreeding depression. In addition, students should also be trained to argue logically and elegantly in this lecture, using appropriate terminology.

黎维平.

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自花传粉与异花传粉: 何者更进化？ ——植物学教材质疑(二)[J]. 生命科学研究, 2021, 25(2): 183-188

LI Wei-ping.

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Which is More Evolutional: Self-pollination or Cross-pollination? Questioning Botany Textbooks (Ⅱ)[J]. Life Science Research, 2021, 25(2): 183-188