施肥和修剪对‘兰引Ⅲ号’草坪冬季质量及土壤特性的影响
摘要： 施肥和修剪对暖季型草坪越冬和春季返青的影响是草坪行业关注的热点。本研究以‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草(Zoysia japonica ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’)为研究对象，设置是否施肥和3个修剪时间(11月1日，11月15日，12月1日)共6个处理，测定草坪草叶片形态、根系生长、土壤生化特性等指标，分析施肥和修剪对‘兰引Ⅲ号’草坪冬季质量及土壤特性的影响。结果表明：与不施肥处理相比，施肥处理丛枝菌根真菌侵染率显著降低47.86%~58.39%，叶面积、根尖数、根长、根系面积显著增加30.71%~57.52%，3.60%~36.69%，6.51%~26.09%，34.97%~50.30%(P<0.05)，土壤有效磷及有效钾含量显著提升(P<0.05)。不同施肥和修剪时间的各处理科水平微生物组成差异较小，红螺菌科(Rhodospirillaceae)是施肥处理草坪的优势菌群。施肥后不同修剪时间对草坪的冬季质量影响较小。综上，入冬前施肥能有效保障草坪越冬整体质量，施肥且在11月15日前后修剪，可作为暖季型草坪冬季养护和提高越冬质量的重要措施。
关键词: ‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草, 施肥, 修剪时间, 丛枝菌根真菌, 草坪质量
Abstract: The effects of fertilization and mowing on overwintering and spring green-up of warm-season lawns are hot topics of concern in the turf industry. Zoysia japonica ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’,a common turf grass was used as the research object,and six treatments were set up,including whether or not to apply fertilizer and three mowing times (November 1,November 15,and December 1). To analyze the effects of fertilization and mowing on the winter turf quality and soil properties of ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ by determining the indicators of leaf morphology,root growth,and soil biochemical properties. The results showed that compared with the no fertilization treatment,fertilization significantly reduced the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization by 47.86%-58.39%. And the leaf area size,the number of root tips,the length of roots,and the root area were significantly increased by 30.71%-57.52%,3.60%-36.69%,6.51%-26.09%,and 34.97%-50.30%,respectively (P<0.05). The content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased (P<0.05). Differences in microbial composition at the Family level under different fertilization and mowing conditions were not significant. Rhodospirillaceae was the dominant bacterial group in fertilizer treated lawns. The winter quality of lawn was less affected by different mowing times under fertilized conditions. In conclusion,applying fertilizer before winter could effectively improve the overall quality of lawn during overwintering. Fertilizing and mowing around November 15 can be an important measure for warm-season lawn winter maintenance and improving overwintering quality in Southern China.
Key words: Zoysia japonica ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’, Fertilization, Mowing time, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Lawn quality
中图分类号:
S688.4
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