草甘膦概况及微生物降解研究进展
摘要：
草甘膦作为一种广泛使用的除草剂，因其高效和低成本的特点在农业生产中得到了广泛应用。然而，这种化学物质的使用也给环境带来了一系列的问题。本研究简述了草甘膦作用机理和毒性等概况，阐明草甘膦对水环境的危害主要在影响水质、水生生物和生态系统等方面，对土壤的危害主要体现在破坏土壤微生物生态、破坏土壤微生物群落的结构和功能、影响土壤酶活性。介绍了生物降解的草甘膦污染土壤修复方式的研究进展，草甘膦污染土壤的修复主要运用微生物降解手段。相比于吸附、光解等非生物降解，微生物降解更环保更高效且更具有前景。最后对草甘膦污染土壤修复的微生物降解方式进行了展望，以期为草甘膦微生物降解技术在草甘膦污染土壤中的应用和改进提供参考。
关键词: 除草剂, 草甘膦, 污染土壤, 微生物降解, 土壤修复
Abstract:
The herbicide glyphosate is widely used in agriculture because of its high efficiency and low cost, but it also poses certain harm. This paper provided a brief introduction to glyphosate toxicity and mechanism. It was clarified that the harm of glyphosate to water environment was mainly in the aspects of affecting water quality, aquatic organisms and ecosystems. The harm to soil was mainly reflected in the destruction of soil microbial ecology, the destruction of soil microbial community structure and function, and the influence of soil enzyme activity. The research progress of bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated soil was introduced. The bioremediation of glyphosate-contaminated soil was mainly microbial degradation methods. Compared with non-biodegradation such as adsorption and photolysis, microbial degradation was more environmentally friendly, efficient and promising. Finally, the microbial degradation methods of glyphosate contaminated soil remediation were prospected, in order to provide reference for the application and improvement of glyphosate microbial degradation technology in glyphosate contaminated soil.
Key words: herbicide, glyphosate, contaminated soil, microbial degradation, soil remediation
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