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紫苏不同种植方式的产量及经济效益分析

花匠小妙招
2024-12-30 19:31

摘要

为了适应紫苏规模化栽培，寻找经济效益高且合理可行的栽培方法，比较5种不同种植方式（育苗移栽、点播、条播、机耕撒播、机耕机播等不同栽培方式）的效益。结果表明：育苗移栽方式的产量最高（1 675.5kg/hm2），但成本也最高（15 924元/hm2），经济效益（10 884.0元/hm2）最低。机耕机播和机耕撒播产量分别为1 372.4/hm2及1 317.3kg kg/hm2，单位成本为5 202元/hm2及5 952元/hm2，经济效益可达16 756.4元/hm2及15 124.8元/hm2，显著优于育苗移栽、点播、条播3种栽培方式。机耕机播适宜于大面积的生产区域，而机耕撒播适宜于山区坡地及土地面积较小区域，两者都是较理想的栽培方法。此外，不同种植方式对紫苏分枝位、一次有效分枝数、单株有效穗数、主穗粒数影响较大，但对株高、千粒重、籽粒含油量及脂肪酸成分影响不大。

Abstract

For low cost and high yield cultivation, practised cultivation methods of perilla were studied under 5 different cultivations. Results showed that manual seedling transplantation mode has the highest yield (1 675.5 kg/hm2), but with the highest unit cost (in RMB yuan) of 15 924 yuan/hm2, and the lowest economic benefit (10 884.0 yuan/hm2). For the 2 methods of mechanical involvement, mechanical ploughing and sowing, and mechanical ploughing and manual sowing, the yields were 1 372.4 kg/hm2 and 1 317.3 kg/hm2, with unit costs of 5 202 and 5 952 yuan/hm2, and economic benefits of 16 756.4 and 15 124.8 yuan/hm2 respectively, which were significantly better than the other 3 methods. Among these 2 methods, mechanical ploughing and sowing was more suitable for larger scale of production, and mechanical ploughing and manual sowing was more suitable for mountain, slope and smaller areas. Both were ideal methods for perilla. In addition, all 5 cultivation methods had great effects on effective branch, effective panicles and seeds per panicle on the main inflorescence. These methods had less effect on plant height, thousand seeds weight and seed oil.

关键词

紫苏 /栽培方式 /产量 /经济效益{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

Perilla /Cultivation method /Yield /Economic benefit{{custom_keyword}} /

田世刚, 陈俊锟, 沈奇, 王仙萍, 郭平 .紫苏不同种植方式的产量及经济效益分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2016, 38(2): 202 https://doi.org/10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2016.02.010

TIAN Shi-gang, CHEN Jun-kun, SHEN Qi, WANG Xian-ping, GUO ping .Yield and economic benefit of perilla with different cultivation methods[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF OIL CROP SCIENCES, 2016, 38(2): 202 https://doi.org/10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2016.02.010

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