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不同倍性草莓品种性状比较

花匠小妙招
2024-12-31 06:32

摘要： 为有效利用草莓种质资源,提高种间杂交成功率,以二倍体RG、八倍体红颊、十倍体桃薰为材料,通过观测田间农艺性状,测定维生素C(VC)、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、多酚、类黄酮等含量,以及DPPH和FRAP抗氧化能力、花药活力、柱头可授性等,比较研究了不同倍性草莓品种的性状。结果表明,3个草莓品种的株高、果实风味、平均单果重、硬度等农艺性状存在显著差异。RG在营养品质和抗氧化性能上充分显现出野生资源营养物质丰富的特色,VC、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH、FRAP抗氧化能力均极显著高于红颊和桃薰。TTC花药染色结果显示,桃薰花药活力最强且持续时间最长,红颊次之,桃薰与红颊花药活力高峰在大蕾期与开花第1天,而RG仅在小蕾期有少量有活力的花药,其余各阶段均未检测到花药活力。联苯胺-过氧化氢法试验结果表明,红颊与桃薰在大蕾期和开花第1天柱头可授性最强,RG在大蕾期、开花第1天、开花第2天、开花第3天柱头有少量气泡产生,但可授性较弱,其他花期柱头均不具可授性。RG作杂交父本时,花药的采集宜掌握在小蕾期,作母本时需要足够多的花粉量且授粉时间宜在大蕾期至开花第3天。红颊品质突出、综合性状表现优,是品种改良的重要亲本材料。桃薰因其果色外观优,香气似桃香,可作为特色品种改良和种间杂交研究的重要资源。

关键词: 草莓, 倍性, 农艺性状, 营养品质, 花药活力, 柱头可授性

Abstract: In order to effectively utilize the strawberry germplasm resources and improve the success rate of interspecific hybridization, comparative studies on the characteristics of different ploidy strawberry varieties were carried out. The agronomic traits of diploid RG, octoploid Benihoppe, decaploid Tokun were observed in the field; Nutritional qualities of vitamin C (VC), titratable acid, soluble solid, soluble total sugar, polyphenols, flavonoids, etc. were determined; Antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP was determined; Anther activity was determined by TTC staining; Stigma receptivity was determined by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The results showed significant differences in plant height, fruit color and flavor, average single fruit weight, hardness and other agronomic traits. RG fully displayed the characteristics of rich nutrients including nutrient quality and antioxidant properties in wild resources. RG had higher content of VC, titratable acid, soluble solids, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP than Benihoppe and Tokun. The results of TTC staining showed that Tokun had the strongest anther vigor and longest duration, followed by Benihoppe. The anther vigor peaks of’ Tokun and Benihoppe occurred in the big bud stage and 1st day after flowering, while RG had only a few viable anthers in the bud stage, but no anther activity was detected in the other stages. The results of benzidine-hydrogen peroxide assay showed that stigma receptivity of Benihoppe and Tokun was the strongest at big bud stage and 1st day after flowering. RG produced a small amount of bubbles in the stigmas of big bud stage, 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day after flowering, but its receptivity was weak. Stigmas at other flowering stages were not receptive. When RG was used as the male parent, the anther collection should be controlled at the bud stage. When RG was used as the female parent, enough pollen was needed and the pollination time should be from the bud stage to the 3rd day of flowering. Benihoppe was an important parent material for variety improvement due to its outstanding quality and excellent comprehensive performance. Tokun could be used as an important resource for the improvement of characteristic varieties and interspecific hybridization because of its excellent appearance and peach-like aroma.

Key words: strawberry, ploidy, agronomic traits, nutritional quality, anther viability, stigma receptivity

中图分类号:

S668.4