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作物根结线虫病化学防治研究进展

花匠小妙招
2025-01-05 14:49

摘要:

根结线虫Meloidogyne spp. 是严重威胁农业生产的重要病原生物，对世界上大多数作物都存在负面影响。在我国，随着保护地栽培模式的扩大及作物复种指数的不断提高，根结线虫病的发生日趋严重，而目前的管理措施尚不能完全控制根结线虫的危害。使用化学杀线虫剂仍然是目前防治根结线虫最常见的短期管理策略。本文总结了目前我国作物根结线虫病的发生现状，介绍了生产中防治该病害的主要化学药剂，分析了其化学防治存在的主要问题，并讨论了目前化学杀线虫剂及其应用技术的优化；展望了未来根结线虫化学防治的研究方向；提出根结线虫的化学防治应该与其他管理措施相结合，实现根结线虫高效、安全、可持续发展的综合治理。

Abstract:

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important pathogens that seriously harm agricultural production and negatively affect almost every crop in the world. In China, root-knot nematodes are becoming more and more serious with the expansion of protected cultivation and the continuous increase of crop multiple cropping index. Current management practices are not enough to completely control root-knot nematodes. Chemical nematicides are still the most common short-term management strategy for root knot nematodes. In this review, the recent research progresses of the current occurrence of root-knot nematodes and control agents were summarized, including the main problems in the chemical control and the optimization of chemical agents and application technology. The outlook for the development of chemical control methods against root knot nematodes was envisaged: chemical control of root-knot nematodes should be combined with other management strategies to achieve efficient, safe and sustainable integrated management.

图 1 根结线虫化学防治研究内容

Figure 1. Research on chemical control of root-knot nematodes

图 2 中国防治根结线虫病的杀线虫剂产品在作物上的登记情况 (2023年10月1日)

Figure 2. Registration of nematicide products for root-knot nematodes control on crops in China (Oct. 1, 2023)

图 3 根结线虫危害不同作物

Figure 3. Different kind of crops infected by root-knot nematode

图 4 杀虫剂抗性行动委员会线虫工作组公布杀线虫剂作用方式分类 (2021年4月) [34]

Figure 4. Classification of nematicide MOA published by the IRAC nematode working group (April, 2021) [34]

表 1 当前登记用于防治作物根结线虫病的药剂(2023年10月1日)

Table 1 Nematicides registered to control root-knot nematodes (Oct. 1, 2023)

药剂
Nematicide 制剂数量
No. of
nematicide 单剂数量
No. of single
nematicide 复配剂数量
No. of mixed
nematicide 剂型及数量
Formulation and
number 噻唑膦 fosthiazate 160 103 57 GR, 102; EW, 32; CS, 15; SL, 5; EC, 2; ME, 3; SE, 1 阿维菌素 abamectin 146 94 52 GR, 98; CS, 14; EW, 7; ME,17; EC, 3; SL, 2; SE, 1; SC, 1 克百威 carbofuran 18 18 0 GR, 18 氨基寡糖素 oligosaccharins 15 5 10 AS, 4; EW, 5; GR, 5; ME, 1; SL, 1 威百亩 metam-sodium 7 7 0 SL, 4; AS, 3 棉隆 dazomet 6 6 0 MG, 3; GR, 3 氟吡菌酰胺 fluopyram 5 2 3 SC, 4; GR, 1 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 abamectin-aminomethyl 4 0 4 EW, 2; GR, 2 丁硫克百威 carbosulfan 4 0 4 EW, 2; ME, 1; GR, 1 噻虫嗪 thiamethoxam 2 1 1 GR, 2 异硫氰酸烯丙酯 allylisothiocyanate 2 2 0 SL, 1; EW, 1 氟烯线砜 fluensulfone 1 1 0 EC, 1 硫酰氟 sulfuryl fluoride 1 1 0 GA, 1 氰氨化钙 calcium cyanamide 1 1 0 GR, 1 氯化苦 chloropicrin 1 1 0 LD, 1 印楝素 azadirachtin 1 1 0 WG, 1 苦参碱 matrine 1 1 0 AS, 1 淡紫拟青霉 Paecilomyces lilacinus 9 9 0 GR, 5; DP, 4 厚孢轮枝菌 ZK7 Verticillium chlamydosporium ZK7 3 3 0 MG, 2; GR, 1 蜡质芽孢杆菌 Bacillus cereus 2 2 0 SC, 2 嗜硫小红卵菌HNI-1
Rhodovulum sulfidophilum HNI-1 1 1 0 SC, 1 坚强芽孢杆菌 Bacillus firmus 1 1 0 WP, 1 甲基营养型芽孢杆菌LW-6
Bacillus methylotro-phicus LW-6 1 1 0 WP, 1 杀线虫芽孢杆菌B16 Bacillus nematocida B16 1 1 0 DP, 1 苏云金杆菌HAN055 Bacillus thuringiensis HAN055 1 1 0 WP, 1 注：CS，微囊悬浮剂；EW，水乳剂；ME，微乳剂；GR，颗粒剂；EC，乳油；SL，可溶液剂；WP，可湿性粉剂；AS，水剂；GA，气体制剂；DP，粉剂；MG，微粒剂；LD，液剂；SE，悬乳剂；SC，悬浮剂；WG，水分散粒剂。Note: CS, capsule suspension; EW, emulsion, oil in water; ME, micro-emulsion; GR, granule; EC, emulsifiable concentrate; SL, soluble concentrate; WP, wettable powder; AS, aqueous solution; GA, gas; DP, dustable power; MG, micro-granule; LD, liquid; SE, suspoemulsion; SC, suspension concentrate; WG, water dispersible granule. [1]

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