水稻和拟禾本科根结线虫互作分子机制研究进展
摘要：
拟禾本科根结线虫（Meloidogyne graminicola）是水稻（Oryza sativa L）的重要病原物之一，在世界各地的危害严重，极大地影响了水稻的安全生产。解析拟禾本科根结线虫致病和水稻的抗病机制是近年来主要的研究热点，同时也是制定水稻根结线虫防控新策略的主要依据。随着分子生物学和基因组学技术的发展，拟禾本科根结线虫的基因组被破译，多个与线虫致病性相关的基因功能得到解析。同时，在水稻染色体中定位到多个与拟禾本科根结线虫抗性相关的数量性状位点（QTLs），克隆出首个水稻抗根结线虫的基因MG1。此外，水稻为了应对根结线虫的侵染，还能通过调控茉莉酸和乙烯等激素信号通路，激活本身抗病基因的表达调控，从而抑制线虫的致病和寄生。上述研究成果为深入理解拟禾本科根结线虫致病机理及水稻抗根结线虫的作用机制提供了重要依据。本文综述了近年来拟禾本科根结线虫致病机制和水稻应答机制的研究进展，并展望未来拟禾本科根结线虫与寄主互作机制的新方向。
关键词: 拟禾本科根结线虫, 水稻, 效应子, 线虫与寄主互作机制
Abstract:
Meloidogyne graminicola is a significant pathogen of rice（Oryza sativa L）. The serious epidemic of M. graminicola is a significant global concern, as it significantly impacts the safe production of rice. Understanding the pathogenesis of M. graminicola and the resistance mechanisms of rice to it has been a key research focus in recent years, as it provides the foundation for developing new strategies for the prevention and control of rice root-knot nematodes. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and genomics sequencing technologies, the genome of M. graminicola has been successfully sequenced, and the multiple effectors have been explored. Additionally, the resistance of rice root knot nematodes was analyzed, and multiple quantitative trait loci（QTLs）were identified within its chromosomes, and the first rice gene, MG1, resistant to root knot nematodes has been successfully cloned. Furthermore, rice possesses the capability to modulate hormonal signaling cascades, including those involving jasmonic acid and ethylene. This activation initiates a regulatory cascade, enabling the rice plant to effectively counter the nematode's pathogenicity and parasitism. These significant research findings provide scientific evidence, deepening our understanding of M. graminicola's pathogenic mechanism and rice's resistance mechanism against root-knot nematodes. This paper presents a review of recent research progress on the pathogenic mechanisms of M. graminicola and the response mechanisms of rice and highlights potential future directions in the interaction between M. graminicola and its host.
Key words: Meloidogyne graminicola, Oryza sativa L., effectors, interaction between nematode and host
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