二白杨一些生物学和生态学特性的观察
摘要： 二白杨(Populus gansuensis)是甘肃省河西地区广泛栽培的一种乔木，有人称它为河西地区造林中的“王牌树种”。二白杨的造林成活率很高，一般都在90%以上。生长非常迅速，年平均高生长1—1.8m，胸径生长为1.5—3.4cm，比钻天杨(Populus pyramidalis)与小叶杨(P．simonii)生长都快。它对环境条件的适应性比较强，在壤质、沙壤质、沙质、沙砾质等不同土壤质地中都能生长。比较耐干旱，耐干热风以及耐风沙流的袭击，也耐一定程度的土壤盐渍化。通过形态解剖和水分生理的试验研究看出，二白杨的旱生结构比较显著，如叶子的表面积与体积比值较小，角质层较厚，栅栏组织和输导组织都比较发达。它的水分生理也表现出对干旱环境有较强的适应能力，如束缚水以及束缚水与自由水的比值比较高，持水力比较强，蒸腾失水较少，水分亏缺也比较小。综上所述，我们认为二白杨是一个优良的造林树种，值得大力提倡用二白杨造林。
Abstract: Populus gansuensis is a species of trees that are being planted extensively in the Hexi Region of Gansu Province. Some people calls it an ideal species of trees for the afforestation of the Hexi Region.The P. gansuensis’s survival rate in afforestation is very high, generally over 90%. Its growth is extremely rapid, the average annual growth of tree in height being 1–1.8m and in diameter 1.5–3.4cm, faster than that of the P. pyramidalis and the P. simonii. Its adaptability to environment is also stronger, for example, it is able to grow on different soils loam, sandy loam, sand, sand-gravel, etc.; it resists drought, dry-heat wind and wind-sand flow; it can also withstands salinity soil to certain degree.It has been shown that the xeromorphic structure of P. gansuensis is remarkably striking through test and research of morphological anatomy and water physiology. Its water physiology also shows stronger adaptability to circumstances.Summing up all the above can say that the P. gansuensis is a fine kind of trees for afforestation in the region of oases of the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, and therefore it should be highly recommended for afforestation.
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