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铁刀木Senna siamea

花匠小妙招
2025-01-10 06:21

中文名（Chinese Name）：铁刀木
学名（Scientific Name）：Senna siamea (Lam.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：黑心树
异名（Synonym）：Cassia siamea Lam. Chamaefistula gigantea G. Don Cassia gigantea DC. Cassia florida Vahl Cassia arborea Macfad. Senna sumatrana (DC.)Roxb. Cassia siamea var. puberula Kurz
科属（Family & Genus）：云实科,Caesalpiniaceae山扁豆属Senna
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高约10米左右；树皮灰色，近光滑，稍纵裂；嫩枝有棱条，疏被短柔毛。叶长20-30厘米；叶轴与叶柄无腺体，被微柔毛；小叶对生，6-10对，革质，长圆形或长圆状椭圆形，长3-6.5厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，顶端圆钝，常微凹，有短尖头，基部圆形，上面光滑无毛，下面粉白色，边全缘；小叶柄长2-3毫米；托叶线形，早落。总状花序生于枝条顶端的叶腋，并排成伞房花序状；苞片线形，长5-6毫米；萼片近圆形，不等大，外生的较小，内生的较大，外被细毛；花瓣黄色，阔倒卵形，长12-14毫米，具短柄；雄蕊10枚，其中7枚发育，3枚退化，花药顶孔开裂；子房无柄，被白色柔毛。荚果扁平，长15-30厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，边缘加厚，被柔毛，熟时带紫褐色；种子10-20颗。花期10-11月；果期12月-翌年1月。
分布（Distribution）：除云南有野生外，南方各省区均有栽培。印度、缅甸、泰国有分布。
用途（Use）：本种在我国栽培历史悠久，木材坚硬致密，耐水湿，不受虫蚝，为上等家具原料。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 29
Senna siamea (Lamarck) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 98. 1982.
铁刀木 tie dao mu | Fabaceae | Senna
Cassia siamea Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 648. 1785.
Trees, 10-15 m tall. Bark gray, subsmooth; young branches ribbed, sparsely puberulent. Leaves 20-30 cm; stipules caducous, linear, tiny; rachis and petiole without glands, puberulent; leaflets 6-10(-15) pairs, oblong or ovate-oblong, 3-7 × 1.5-2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially finely pubescent, adaxially smooth and glabrous, base rounded, apex obtusely rounded, often emarginate, mucronate. Racemes in axils of apical leaves, often several forming a large terminal panicle on a robust peduncle 5-7 cm; bracts linear, 5-6 mm. Sepals suborbicular, unequal in size, outer smaller, inner larger, ca. 9 mm, outside hairy. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 1.2-1.5 cm, shortly clawed. Stamens 10, among them 7 fertile, anthers opening by apical pores, 2 with filaments ca. 10 mm and anthers 6-7 mm, 4 or 5 with filaments 2-3 mm and anthers 5-6 mm, staminodes ca. 3 mm. Ovary sessile, densely white pubescent. Legume flattened, 15-30 × 1-1.5 cm, suture thick, riblike, pubescent, purplish brown when mature. Seeds 10-30, light brown, ovoid, 2-2.5 × 5-6 mm. 2n = 28.
Cultivated in S China [native to Myanmar and Thailand, and probably also to Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam; widely cultivated in the tropics].
This tree is planted as an ornamental in parks and gardens and is used as a wayside tree. The hard, durable wood is used for furniture.
铁刀木Senna siamea