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基于表型性状的花苜蓿遗传多样性分析

花匠小妙招
2025-01-12 00:43

摘要： 为探究花苜蓿(Medicago ruthenica L.)种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性，本研究对采集自不同种源地的113份花苜蓿种质的19个表型性状进行相关分析、主成分分析及聚类分析，为花苜蓿遗传育种提供理论依据。结果表明，花苜蓿种质数量性状和质量性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围分别为1.77~2.09,0.05~1.43。19个表型性状间存在复杂的相关性，呈极显著相关(P<0.01)和显著相关(P<0.05)性状分别有48和18对。19个表型性状用主成分分析提取7个综合因子，累积贡献率为72.73%，通过计算综合得分，并以综合得分为因变量，19个性状为自变量，利用逐步回归分析筛选到评价花苜蓿种质的11个关键指标。113份花苜蓿可聚为3类，类群I代表种子粒大饱满、产量较高的种质；类群II代表株丛面积大、种子产量中等的种质；类群III代表叶量丰富、种子产量较差的种质。

关键词: 花苜蓿, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 种质资源

Abstract: In order to explore the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of Medicago ruthenica L. germplasm resources, this study conducted correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis on 19 phenotypic traits of 113 M. ruthenica germplasm from different provenances. It will provide theoretical basis for genetic breeding of M. ruthenica. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of quantitative and quality traits ranged from 1.77 to 2.09 and from 0.05 to 1.43, respectively, in these 113 germplasm resources accessions of M. ruthenica. There were complex correlations among 19 phenotypic traits, with 48 and 18 pairs of traits showing extremely significant correlation (P<0.01) and significant correlation (P<0.05), respectively. Principal component analysis converted the 19 phenotypic traits into 7 composite factors with a cumulative contribution of 72.73%. By calculating the comprehensive score and using it as the dependent variable and 19 phenotypic traits as the independent variable, stepwise regression analysis was used to screen 9 key indicators for evaluating M. ruthenica germplasm. In addition, 113 M. ruthenica varieties were grouped into 3 categories. Group I represented germplasm with large seeds and high seed yield;Group II represented germplasm with large cluster area and moderate seed yield;and Group III represented germplasm with abundant leaves and poor seed yield.

Key words: Medicago ruthenica L., Phenotypic traits, Genetic diversity, Germplasm resources

中图分类号:

S541