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植物木质部水力学研究进展

花匠小妙招
2025-01-12 04:36

植物木质部水力学研究进展

基金项目:

江西省自然科学基金(20171BAB204008)；

Advance in Plant Xylem Hydraulics

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摘要:

植物为适应陆地环境进化出木质部维管系统，通过水力学机制高效安全的向光合器官长距离运输水分，木质部水分运输对蒸腾、气孔运动、光合碳同化等生理过程有调控和协调作用，被称为植物生理学的支柱。植物水力学作为木质部水分运输的研究内容和手段，已成为整合植物与生态系统功能的中心枢纽。该文首先概述了植物水分运输的水力学机制、运输系统的局限性，以及木质部结构与功能之间的关系；其次，阐述了木质部栓塞的形成机制并详细介绍了栓塞的诱导方法和测试技术，分析了水分运输系统安全与效率之间的权衡关系，总结了植物对环境的响应和干旱致死的预测模型，讨论了测试技术问题及其引发的当前木质部逆压力修复和指数型木质部栓塞脆弱性曲线有效性的争议；最后，总结了目前植物木质部水力学研究的成果，提出了尚待解决的主要问题，探讨了研究机会与方向。

Abstract:

Plant developed safty and efficient xylem vascular system to support long distance water transport so as to provide sufficient water to photothesysis organs. Xylem water transportion play an important role in transpiration, stomental movement, carbon assimilation regulation, therefore be termed “backbone of plant physiology”. Plant hydraulics is the central hub integrating plant and ecosystem function. The present paper summarized the hydraulic mechanism of water transport and the limitation of transport system in plants, highlighted the relationship between the structure and function of xylem vascular. The formation mechanism and induce methods of xylem embolism were described. Tradeoffs between safety and efficiency of water transport system were analyzed. The molecular biology of cavitation and the importance of aquaporin in xylem refilling were discussed. Prediction model as for plant response to environment and drought induced mortality were summarized. The methodological issues were introduced, and the debates on the validity of xylem against pressure refilling and exponential xylem embolization vulnerability curve were discussed. Finally, achievements in xylem hydraulics were summarized, and research chances and prospect were also discussed.

引用本文

王瑞庆,张莉,郭连金,等.植物木质部水力学研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2020,40(12):2157-2168

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