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傅氏凤尾蕨配子体发育及其无配子生殖的研究

花匠小妙招
2025-01-16 09:28

摘要： 采用光学显微镜对傅氏凤尾蕨（Pteris fauriei Hieron.）的配子体发育进行了研究。傅氏凤尾蕨孢子深褐色，呈四面体形，三裂缝，极面观为钝三角形，赤道面观近半圆形。孢子自播种3～7 d左右开始萌发，萌发类型为书带蕨型。18 d左右发育为丝状体，大约为6～10个细胞长；25 d左右，丝状体可通过顶端细胞或中间细胞分裂产生片状体。播种40～50 d左右，在片状体的侧面产生分生组织，发育成原叶体，发育类型为水蕨型。雄配子体形状不规则，其上可产生精子器。大型原叶体形状较规则，顶端为心形，发育2～3个月左右，在生长点下方产生无性胚芽，进行无配子生殖。此后不久，在胚芽和生长点之间产生导管连接孢子体和配子体。经多次培养表明傅氏凤尾蕨不产生颈卵器，为专性无配子生殖。

关键词: 蕨类, 傅氏凤尾蕨, 配子体发育, 无配子繁殖

Abstract: The gametophytic development of the fern Pteris fauriei Hieron. was observed by microscope and stereomicroscope. The result exhibits that the spores are dark brown, tetrahedral, and trilete, blunt triangular in polar view and supersemispherical shape in equatorial view. The spores germinate about 3-7 days after sowed. The germination is of the Vittaria type. The gametophyte develops into 6-10 cell-long filament about 18 days after sowed. The prothallial plates form about 25 days after sowed by division of the apical cell or intercalary cells of the filament. The gametophyte forms the meristematic tissue in the lateral of the plate, away from the apical region, and grows into prothallus in about 40-50 days after sowed. The pattern of the prothallial development belongs to the Ceratopteris type. The male prothalli are usually small and irregular in shape. The antheridia are produced in the margin or in the ventral side of the male prothalli. The large prothalli are usually regular in shape and cordate in the apical. An asexual bud is formed in the lower surface of the gametophyte just behind the growing apex in about 2-3 months after sowed. After the asexual bud is formed, a vessel is formed between the bud and the growing apex. So the reproduction of the species P.fauriei is apogamous. The repeat cultures show that no archegonia were occurred in the adult prothalli. This species belongs to obligate apogamy.

Key words: fern, Pteris fauriei, gametophyte development, apogamy

中图分类号:

Q944.4