首页 > 分享 > 短葶飞蓬Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.

短葶飞蓬Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.

花匠小妙招
2025-01-17 05:11

短葶飞蓬Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.

别名：灯盏花(滇南本草)灯盏细辛(云南贵州)

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：飞蓬属 Erigeron

《中国植物志》第74卷308页
  10. 短葶飞蓬灯盏花（滇南本草）灯盏细辛（云南贵州）
  Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1093. 1936, et in Act. Hort. Goth. 12: 227. 1938. ——Aster breviscapus Vant. in Bull. Ac. Geogr. Bot. 12: 495. 1903.——Erigeron dielsii Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 307. 1912. ——Erigeron praecox Vierh. et Hand. -Mazz. in Sitzgsanz. AK. W. W. 63: 4. 1926. ——Erigeron bellidioides var. integrifolius Franch. ex Levl., Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 44. 1915.
  多年生草本，根状茎木质，粗厚或扭成块状，斜升或横走，分枝或不分枝，具纤维状根，颈部常被残叶的基部。茎数个或单生，高5-50厘米，基部径1-1.5毫米，直立，或基部略弯，绿色或稀紫色，具明显的条纹，不分枝，或有时有少数（2-4个）分枝，被疏或较密的短硬毛，杂有短贴毛和头状具柄腺毛，上部毛较密。叶主要集中于基部，基部叶密集，莲座状，花期生存，倒卵状披针形或宽匙形，长1.5-11厘米，宽0.5-2.5厘米，全缘，顶端钝或圆形，具小尖头，基部渐狭或急狭成具翅的柄，具3脉，两面被密或疏，边缘被较密的短硬毛，杂有不明显的腺毛，极少近无毛；茎叶少数，2-4个少有无，无柄，狭长圆状披针形或狭披针形，长1-4厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，顶端钝或稍尖，基部半抱茎，上部叶渐小，线形。头状花序径2-2.8憧米，单生于茎或分枝的顶端，总苞半球形，长0.5-0.8厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，总苞片3层，线状披针形，长8毫米，宽约1毫米，顶端尖，长于花盘或与花盘等长，绿色，或上顶紫红色，外层较短，背面被密或疏的短硬毛，杂有较密的短贴毛和头状具柄腺毛，内层具狭膜质的边缘，近无毛。外围的雌花舌状，3层，长10-12毫米，宽0.8-1毫米，舌片开展，蓝色或粉紫色，平，管部长2-2.5毫米，上部被疏短毛，顶端全缘；中央的两性花管状，黄色，长3.5-4毫米，管部长约1.5毫米，檐部窄漏斗形，中部被疏微毛，裂片无毛；花药伸出花冠；瘦果狭长圆形，长1.5毫米，扁压，背面常具1肋，被密短毛；冠毛淡褐色，2层，刚毛状，外层极短，内层长约4毫米。花期3-10月。
  产于湖南、广西、贵州、四川、云南及西藏等省区。常见于海拔1200-3500的中山和亚高山开旷山坡，草地或林缘。外形及植株的高低多变异，叶形及毛茸也常有变化。滇俗称灯盏花或灯盏细辛，亦名地顶草、地朝阳等。贵州俗名细药、牙陷药、踏地莲花菜、野波菜等。主治小儿疳积、小儿麻痹及脑膜炎的后遗症、牙痛、小儿头疮等有效。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Erigeron breviscapus (Vaniot) Handel-Mazzetti Symb. Sin. 7: 1093. 1936.
短葶飞蓬 duan ting fei peng
Aster breviscapus Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 495. 1903; Erigeron breviscapus var. alboradiatus Y. Ling & Y. L. Chen; E. breviscapus var. leucanthus X. D. Dong & Ji H. Li; E. breviscapus var. tibeticus Y. Ling & Y. L. Chen; E. dielsii H. Léveillé; E. praecox Vierhapper & Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs, perennial, 1-50 cm tall (sometimes less than 1 cm), sometimes ± caespitose; rhizome woody, thick. Stems several or solitary, or less than 1 cm, 1-1.5 mm in diam. at base, erect or ascending, sometimes procumbent, green or rarely purplish, simple or sometimes 2-4 branched, sparsely to densely hirsute, strigillose, sparsely to moderately stipitate glandular, denser distally. Leaves mostly basal, basal rosulate, present at anthesis, winged petiolate, blade oblanceolate to obovate-lanceolate or broadly spatulate, 1.5-4 × 0.5-2.5 cm, surfaces sparsely to densely scabrous-hirsute, sparsely scabridulous, sparsely minutely glandular, sometimes glabrate, ± 3-veined, base ± gradually attenuate, margin entire, hirsute-ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded, mucronate; cauline 2-4, rarely absent, sessile, blade narrowly ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 1-4 × 0.5-1 cm, base subclasping, apex obtuse to acute; upper reduced, linear. Capitula solitary at ends of stems or branches, 1.8-2.8(-3.5) cm in diam. Involucre hemispheric, 0.5-0.8 × 1-1.5 cm; phyllaries 3-seriate, slightly exceeding or equaling disk florets, green or purplish at margin and apex, linear-lanceolate, ca. 8 × 1 mm, membranous, acute to acuminate, outer 3.8-5.6 × 0.6-0.8 mm, abaxially densely to sparsely hirsute, ± densely strigillose, short-stipitate glandular, inner 5.6-7.3 × 0.6-0.85 mm, margin narrowly scarious, erose, sparsely ciliate. Ray florets 3-seriate, blue to purple or white, 9-12 × 0.8-1.1 mm, tube 2-3 mm, sparsely hairy in upper part and onto lamina base, lamina spreading, flat when dry; disk florets yellow, 3.5-4 mm, tube 1.2-1.5 mm, limb funnelform, sparsely hairy, lobes ovate, 0.55-0.6 mm, glabrous, tips sometimes reddish. Achenes narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, flattened, ca. 2.2 mm, densely strigose, often 1-ribbed abaxially. Pappus 2-seriate, brownish, outer bristles ca. 0.4 mm, inner 3.7-4 mm. Fl. Mar-Oct.
● Mid-elevation mountains, alpine to montane meadows, forest margins, Pinus forests, streamsides, grasslands, disturbed slopes, roadsides; 1200-3600 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, E and S Xizang, Yunnan.
In addition to the typical variety, three varieties have been recognized. Erigeron breviscapus var. tibeticus (S Xizang: Qüxü; ca. 3600 m) is a high-elevation, shortly stemmed (sometimes less than 1 cm) morphotype; this extreme may represent phenotypic plasticity at the extreme limit of the species range. Erigeron breviscapus var. alboradiatus (EC Yunnan: Songming) is a white-rayed form with slender stems. The recently described E. breviscapus var. leucanthus is another pale-rayed form. Color forms frequently occur in Erigeron through a simple mutation within the flavonoid pathway. A biosystematic study of the complex is required to evaluate the value of these varieties.In addition to the typical variety, three varieties have been recognized. Erigeron breviscapus var. tibeticus (S Xizang: Qüxü; ca. 3600 m) is a high-elevation, shortly stemmed (sometimes less than 1 cm) morphotype; this extreme may represent phenotypic plasticity at the extreme limit of the species range. Erigeron breviscapus var. alboradiatus (EC Yunnan: Songming) is a white-rayed form with slender stems. The recently described E. breviscapus var. leucanthus is another pale-rayed form. Color forms frequently occur in Erigeron through a simple mutation within the flavonoid pathway. A biosystematic study of the complex is required to evaluate the value of these varieties.