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育苗盘孔径、微生物菌剂和移栽叶龄对烤烟生长发育的影响

花匠小妙招
2025-01-18 12:38

摘要: 为明确漂浮育苗盘孔径、微生物菌剂和移栽叶龄对湖南省烤烟大田期生长发育和产质量的影响，以云烟87为材料，设计136孔和200孔2种育苗盘，基质是否添加微生物菌剂以及8叶和10叶2个移栽叶龄的3因素试验，测定烤烟根系性状、地上部生长指标、干物质积累和根冠比、化学成分、经济性状，并采用η2值对育苗盘孔径、微生物菌剂、移栽叶龄及3个因素互作对烤烟生长和产质量的影响进行评价。结果表明：扩大育苗盘孔径、基质中添加微生物菌剂和增加移栽期叶龄有利于促进烤烟根系和地上部生长，促进烤烟干物质积累，提高烟叶产量和产值。育苗盘孔径、微生物菌剂、移栽叶龄及3个因素互作对烤烟根系生长的贡献率分别为28.92%、23.17%、23.64%、24.27%，对烤烟地上部生长的贡献率分别为27.07%、27.64%、31.00%、14.29%，对干物质积累的贡献率分别为25.66%、28.61%、37.94%、7.79%，对烟叶化学成分的贡献率分别为22.60%、23.19%、28.16%、26.05%，对烤烟经济性状的贡献率分别为17.24%、29.35%、39.53%、13.89%。因此，增加育苗盘孔径配合基质添加微生物菌剂培育10叶龄烟苗可促进烤烟早生快发，提高烟叶产质量，在南方稻作烟区具有一定推广价值。

Abstract: The study aims to clarify the effects of float seedling tray size, microbial agent and transplanting leaf age on growth, yields and quality of flue-cured tobacco in field. A three-factor experiment was conducted with two size of seedling trays (136 holes or 200 holes), with or without microbial agent, and two transplanting leaf age of 8 leaves or 10 leaves of Yunyan87. Growth indexes of root and aboveground, dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio, chemical compositions and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were determined. Effects of seedling tray size, microbial agents, transplanting leaf age and their interactions on growth, yields and quality of flue-cured tobacco were estimated with the value of η2. Results showed that increasing the size of float seedling tray, adding microbial agents and delaying transplanting could promote the growth of root and above-ground, increase dry matter accumulation, and improve the yields and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The contribution rates of seedling tray size, microbial agent, transplanting leaf age and their interactions to the growth of tobacco root, achieved 28.92%, 23.17%, 23.64% and 24.27%, respectively. While those to aboveground growth were 27.07%, 27.64%, 31.00% and 14.29%, respectively; to dry matter accumulation, were 25.66%, 28.61%, 37.94% and 7.79%, respectively; to chemical compositions, were 25.66%, 28.61%, 37.94% and 7.79%, respectively; to economic characters were 25.66%, 28.61%, 37.94% and 7.79%, respectively. In conclusion, increasing the size of float seedling tray with microbial agents to cultivate long leaf-aged seedlings of 10 leaves, can promote early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco, enhance yields and quality of tobacco leaves. The result has a certain extension value in tobacco-rice growing areas in South China.

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