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浙江天目山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物多样性

花匠小妙招
2025-02-04 13:35

摘要：

苔藓植物因个体普遍细小, 更易在野外观察及采集中被忽略, 故很难获得一个客观、详尽的地区名录, 导致对其多样性的研究和保护受到极大限制。本文以浙江天目山国家级自然保护区为例, 采用区系生境调查法和样方法相结合的采样策略, 沿海拔梯度对不同生境类型内苔藓植物多样性进行了系统调查, 并结合多次历史普查资料整理出该保护区的苔藓植物名录。本研究共获得苔藓植物56科143属394种, 包括苔类植物16科30属103种, 藓类植物40科113属291种, 其中有5种为濒危物种。与该保护区历史数据相比, 本研究苔藓植物新增科4个、属31个、种182个, 包括浙江省新记录科1个、属8个、种33个。区系生境调查法和样方法分别贡献了总物种数的81%和72%, 但当调查范围只限定在树附生生境时, 采用样方法所获得的总物种数及新增物种数均大于区系生境调查法。虽然代表更大采样努力程度的8个样方/树的调查获得的物种数显著高于2个样方/树的调查结果, 但只针对树干0.3 m和1.5 m的2个样方/树的采样结果贡献了75%的物种数。鉴于本研究采集方法获得的较高苔藓植物物种丰富度及新增物种数以及物种组成在时间梯度上的巨大差异, 建议在自然保护地开展类似的调查和研究, 以期及时更新各个保护地的苔藓植物名录, 为其保护研究提供最新的详实数据。

关键词: 物种多样性, 苔藓植物, 生物编目, 亚热带森林

Abstract

Aim: Bryophytes are commonly overlooked in field observations and collections due to their small size, making it difficult to obtain an objective and exhaustive checklist of bryophytes in a region. As a result, there are great limitations in the general study and conservation of bryophyte diversity. Taking Tianmushan National Nature Reserve (TNNR) in Zhejiang as an example, this paper aims to investigate the diversity of bryophytes by sampling strategy combining two methods, namely floristic habitat sampling (FHS) method and plot sampling (PS) method.

Methods: Using the two sampling methods (FHS and PS), the study systematically investigated the diversity of bryophytes in different vegetation types along the elevational gradients of the reserve, and compiled a bryophyte checklist in this reserve by combining the current and historical information.

Results: There are 394 species of bryophytes obtained from 143 genera in 56 families, including 103 species of liverworts obtained from 30 genera in 16 families and 291 species of mosses obtained from 113 genera in 40 families, with 5 of these species being endangered. Compared with the historical data of the reserve, 4 families, 31 genera and 182 species were newly added in this study. Among them, 1 family, 8 genera and 33 species were newly records in Zhejiang Province. The FHS and PS methods contributed 81% and 72% of the total number of species, respectively, but when the survey was restricted to epiphytic habitats only, the total number of species and the newly added species obtained by the PS method were higher than those by the FHS method. Although the number of species from the survey of eight plots/tree (represented a high sampling effort) was significantly higher than the results of two plots/tree, the sampling results of only two plots/tree (only sampling from the 0.3 m and 1.5 m of a tree) contributed 75% of the total richness.

Conclusion: The results indicated the sampling strategy in this study obtained a high number of newly-added bryophyte species. Further, since the species composition indicates great differences in the temporal gradient, it is recommended to conduct similar surveys and studies in other nature reserves in an effort to update the bryophytes checklist of each reserve, and to provide the latest detailed information for researching bryophyte conservation.

Key words: species diversity, bryophytes, biodiversity inventory, subtropical forests