花绒寄甲人工繁育及应用研究
摘要： 为解决花绒寄甲人工繁育技术的关键问题，进一步提高产量，开展了低温保存对花绒寄甲卵活力的影响、替代寄主选择、成虫人工饲料配方、室内生活史等研究，并在后期初步开展了花绒寄甲对桃红颈天牛的野外防效试验。结果表明，4℃条件下保存0～60 d对花绒寄甲卵孵化率的影响存在显著差异，不经低温处理的卵孵化率最高，可达70.87%，低温保存60 d后，孵化率降为65.81%；大麦虫可作为花绒寄甲幼虫的替代寄主，最佳接虫比为1:5，此时化蛹率达70.40%，羽化率达94.03%；黄粉虫蛹、大蜡螟幼虫无法繁育出花绒寄甲成虫；黄粉虫幼虫干粉、大麦虫幼虫干粉、无菌水、脯氨酸、羟氨酸、丝氨酸、胱氨酸、葡萄糖、亚油酸混合配制的饲料使花绒寄甲成虫存活率达96.70%，单雌产卵量达161.10粒，产卵期持续43 d，是成虫的最佳人工饲料；经室内繁育的花绒寄甲一年发生2代，成虫寿命2～3年，卵期平均8.64 d、幼虫期平均6.63 d、蛹期平均36.88 d。花绒寄甲可用于防治桃红颈天牛，野外最佳释放比为8:1～ 10:1（天敌:天牛），虫口减退率达72.70%。
关键词: 花绒寄甲, 人工饲养, 生物防治, 桃红颈天牛
Abstract: In this paper, we investigated cold storage of Dastarcus helophoroides under 4℃, its alternative host, adult artificial diet, life history, and control effect on Aromia bungii, to improve artificial rearing technology of D. helophoroides, and increase its production. The result showed that, there were significant differences in egg hatchability for 0-60 d cold storage under 4℃, with hatching rate was 70.87% for 0 d and 65.81% for 60 d; Zophobas morio was the best alternative host, when optimal ratio of Z. morio pupa to D. helophoroides larvae was 1:5, the pupation rate of D. helophoroides was up to 70.40%, emergence rate of adult was up to 94.03%; Pupae of Tenebrio molitor, larva of Galleria mellonella could not raise out D. helophoroides adult in this paper; The best artificial diet for adult was composed of T. molitor powder, Z. morio powder, sterile water, proline, glutamic acid, serine, cystine, glucose, linoleic acid, with adult survival rate of 96.70%, oviposition duration of 43 d, eggs per female laid of 161.10; In the laboratory, the adult bred 2 generation in one year; Durations of egg, larvae and pupae was 8.64, 6.63 and 36.88 d respectively; Adult could survive 2-3 years. D. helophoroides showed higher control efficiency against A. bungii with reducing rate reaching up to 72.70% at ratio of D. helophoroides eggs to A. bungii larvae being 8:1-10:1, outdoors.
Key words: Dastarcus helophoroides, artificial rearing technology, biocontrol, Aromia bungii
中图分类号:
S476.2
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