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河北省北部苔藓植物区系与地理分布研究

花匠小妙招
2025-02-23 06:10

摘要： 基于作者近年来在河北省北部实地考察和采集的2000余号苔藓植物标本,经过研究鉴定,现已知河北省北部有苔藓植物270种(包括4变种、3变型),分别隶属于36科104属。其中,丛藓科为第一大科,含18属49种;紫萼藓属为第一大属,含17种。利用丰富度指数公式,并通过与我国其它9个山地的比较,可以看出河北省北部是苔藓植物物种多样性较为丰富的地区之一。河北省北部苔藓植物区系成分以北温带成分为主(占总种数的54.07%),其次是东亚成分(占总种数的14.81%)。各类温带成分共计227种,占总种数的84.07%,该植物区系具有明显的温带性质。运用主成分分析(PCA)的方法将河北省北部与我国其它12个山地苔藓植物区系所构成的区系谱进行了定量研究。结果表明:河北省北部与小五台山、内蒙古间苔藓植物区系关系最为密切,而与处于南亚热带的九万山关系最远。利用聚类分析的方法,并结合13个采集地的地理位置和不同的生态环境特点,将河北省北部苔藓植物区系划分为两个地带,即:张北高原苔藓植物地带和冀北山地苔藓植物地带。结合13个采集地苔藓植物种数所占总种数的百分比水平分布图,可以比较直观地看出河北省北部苔藓植物种数在纬向上由东向西逐渐减少,在经向上西北部种类较少、东南部种类较多的水平分布特点;通过苔藓生活型分析可以显示出张北坝上高原、冀西北间山盆地气候寒冷、干燥,顶蒴藓类占绝对优势;而承德坝上高原、冀北山地、燕山山地气候较温暖、湿润,侧蒴藓类所占百分比明显增多。这些与河北省北部苔藓植物区划地带是基本一致的。

关键词: 河北省北部, 苔藓植物区系, 地理分布

Abstract: Northern Hebei Province mentioned in the title refers to the vast area between Yanshan Mountains(including Yanshan Mountains) and Inner Mongolia Plateau, which lies approximately 40°35'~42°40'N and 113°27'~119°50'E. On the basis of the physiognomy causes of the formation, the different earth shapes and vegetation types, Northern Hebei Province is generally divided into four districts:North Plateau, Jixibei Basins, Jibei Mountains and Yanshan Mountains.This thesis is mostly based on about 2000 packages of bryophytes which were mainly collected by the author in Northern Hebei Province from July to August in 1998. Of all these specimens, 36 families, 104 genera and 270 species(including 4 varieties and 3 forms) have been studied and identified. Moreover, using Abundance Index, we can see that Northern Hebei Province is richer in diversity of mosses compared with other 9 mountains in China. The bryoflora in Northern Hebei Province can be divided into 11 geographical elements. North temperate elements make up the majority, approximating to 54.07% of the entirely known bryoflora in Northern Hebei Province, and next comes East Asian elements, accounting for 14.81%. All temperate elements, not including 17 Endemic to China and 16 Cosmopolitans, add up to 227 species, which take 84.08% of all the entirely known bryoflora in Northern Hebei Province. However, there are only 10 Sub-tropical and Tropical elements. To all appearances, the mossflora of Northern Hebei Province is provided with obvious temperate characters. Floristic Spectrum Analysis is a good method for the comparison of similarities between different floras. Principal Component Analysis(PCA) was used to quantitatively analyse the elements of bryoflora in Northern Hebei Province and 12 other mountains or areas in China so as to find out the relationship of the bryoflorain these places. The result shows that the bryoflora relationship of Northern Hebei Province, Xiaowutai Mountains and Inner Mongolia areas is very close, while Jiuwan Mountains is far from other 12 mountains.Using clustering analytic means, the Northern Hebei Province can be compartmentalized two zones, namely Zhangbei Plateau moss geographical zone and Jibei Mountains moss geographical zone, according to different geographical position and different ecologic circumstance of the 13 collecting locality in Northern Hebei Province. The level distributing chart of species percentage in the 13 collecting locality can intuitively show that the number of species drop off from east to west and increase gradually from northwest to southeast. In addition, the life-form of mosses in Northern Hebei Province can be plotted out two types:Acrocarpi-muscorum and Pleurocarpi- muscorum. Through their level distributing cake chart, it can be obviously seen that Acrocarpi-muscorum species absolutely predominate in Zhangbei Plateau and Jixibei Basins where the climate is cold and dry, while species pecentage of Pleurocarpi-muscorum increase evidently in Chengde Plateau, Jibei Mountains and Yanshan Mountains where the climate is relatively warm and wet. All these are consistent with the two moss geographical zones above-mentioned.

Key words: Northern Hebei Province, bryoflora, geographic distribution