长喙毛茛泽泻遗传多样性及其与繁育系统的关系
摘要： 利用聚丙烯酞胺凝胶电泳技术测定了濒危植物长喙毛莫泽泻（Ranalisma rostratum Stapf．）及 3个对照种冠果草[Sagittaria guayanensis ssp．lappula（D．Don）Bogin]、武夷慈姑（S.wuyiensis J．K．Chen et al．）、矮慈姑（S.pygmaea Miq．）共6个自然居群的遗传多样性。自花受精和以营养繁殖为主的长喙毛茛泽泻维持较低的遗传多样性，预期杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0.064和0.104。以自花受精为主的冠果草遗传多样性更低，预期杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0.039和0.067。异体繁育但以营养繁殖为主的武夷慈姑遗传多样性比长喙毛茛泽泻的高，预期杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0．lll和0.183。以异体繁育为主和营养繁殖的矮慈姑遗传多样性在这4个种中最高，其预期杂合度和观察杂合度分别是0.155和0.269。4个种的内繁育系数F值全为负值。冠果草、长喙毛茛泽泻、武夷慈姑直至矮慈姑，其异交程度从几乎为零逐渐递增，而其遗传多样性指标也相应地增高。长喙毛茛泽泻的遗传多样性程度高于冠果草但冠果草并不濒危，因此遗传多样性较低并不是濒危的直接原因。
关键词: 等位酶, 遗传多样性, 长喙毛茛泽泻, 冠果草, 武夷慈姑, 矮慈姑
Abstract: Genetic diversity among 6 populations of Ranalisma rostratum, Sagittaria guayanensis ssp. lap-pula, Sagittarw, wuyiensis and Sagittarui pygmaea were investigated by using the assay of vertical slab poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Endangered species R. rostratum with inbreeding and great proportions of vegetative reproduction maintained lower level of genetic variation than the average of plant species. Its ex-pected heterozygosity and observed herozygosity were 0.064 and 0.104 respectively. S. guayanesis with in-breeding maintained very low level of genetic diversity. Its expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygos-ity were 0.039 and 0.066 respectively. The genetic diversity of S. pygmaea with great proportions of out-breeding and vegetative reproduction was the highest among these four species.
Key words: Allozyme, Genetic diversity, Ranalisma rostratum, Sagittaria guayanensis, Sagittaria wuyiensis, Sagittaria pygmaea
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