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3种天牛信息素和荜澄茄油对天牛科昆虫的林间引诱效果研究

花匠小妙招
2025-03-19 08:18

摘要: 选用2−(十一烷氧基)−乙醇（Monochamol）、6,10−二甲基十一烷−5,9−二烯醇（E/Z−fuscumol）、6,10−二甲基−5,9−十一二烯−2−乙酸乙酯（E/Z−fuscumol acetate）3种天牛信息素和荜澄茄油（cubeb oil）诱芯，辅以黑色飞翔拦截诱捕器进行林内诱集，筛选不同天牛种类高效信息化合物诱芯，监测阔叶红松林内天牛种类和数量，以及松材线虫病潜在媒介天牛的种群动态。结果表明：cubeb oil增加E/Z−fuscumol + E/Z−fuscumol acetate对花天牛亚科的诱集作用，降低Monochamol对云杉花墨天牛的诱集数量；E/Z−fuscumol + E/Z−fuscumol acetate与Monochamol和/或cubeb oil组合可增加诱集的天牛种类。在实际应用中应根据特定天牛种类选择植物挥发物作为信息素诱芯的增效剂；在云杉花墨天牛、云杉大墨天牛的监测和大量诱捕时可选用Monochamol + E/Z fuscumol acetate + E/Z fuscumol组合，提高诱捕效率；在一般性天牛种群监测调查中为降低成本可使用单一Monochamol诱芯。

关键词: 天牛 / 信息素 / 荜澄茄油 / 挥发物 / 诱捕器

Abstract: To screen the efficient attractants of different Cerambycidae species, and monitoring species and individuals of cerambycid beetles in pine forests, especially the population dynamics of potential vector longhorn beetles of pine wilt disease. Three cerambycid pheromones of 2−(undecyloxy)ethanol(Monochamol), (E)−6,10−dimethyl−5,9−undecadien−2−ol(E/Z−fuscumol), (E)−6,10−dimethyl−5,9−undecadien−2−yl acetate(E/Z−fuscumol acetate) and cubeb oil were used as attractants, supplemented by black intercept panel traps for field trapping experiments. The findings revealed that cubeb oil increased attractive effect of(E)−6,10−dimethyl−5,9−undecadien−2−ol(E/Z−fuscumol)+(E)−6,10−dimethyl−5,9−undecadien−2−yl acetate(E/Z−fuscumol acetate) on Lepturinae, reduced individual number of 2−(undecyloxy)ethanol(Monochamol) on Monochamus saltuarius. The combination of E/Z−fuscumol + E/Z−fuscumol acetate with Monochamol and / or cubeb oil increased the number of captured cerambycid species. In practical application, plant volatiles should also be selected as pheromone synergists according to specific cerambycid species. The combination of Monochamol + E/Z fuscumol acetate + E/Z fuscumol can be used to improve the trapping efficiency in monitoring and control of M. saltuarius and M. urussovi. To reduce the cost, a single Monochamol lure can be used in general cerambycid population monitoring survey.

图 1 各诱芯对3种天牛的诱集效果

Figure 1. Trapping effect of lures on M. saltuarius, E. metallecens and O. suvorovi

表 1 试验用诱芯种类及来源

Table 1 Types and sources of lure for experiment

诱芯种类（化学成分）纯度/
% 释放率/（mg·d−1）
（20 ℃）诱芯类型来源 Monochamol（2−(十一烷氧基)−乙醇） 99 0.75 袋 Contech Enterprises,Delta, BC, Canada E/Z−fuscumol（6,10−二甲基十一烷−5,9−二烯醇） 99 0.5~2 胶塞 Sylvar Technologies, Fredericton, NB E/Z−fuscumol acetate（6,10−二甲基−5,9−十一二烯−2−乙酸乙酯） 99 0.5~2 胶塞 Sylvar Technologies Cubeb oil（荜澄茄油） 100 10.00 泡帽 Contech Enterprises

表 2 诱集的天牛科昆虫种类及数量

Table 2 Cerambycidae species and individual numbers captured by lures

物种处理总数 Q P M C MC F FM FC FMC CK 蓝肩突花天牛 Anoploderomorpha cyanea 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 16 5.42 NS 黑角伞花天牛 Corymbia succedanea 1 1 7 NS 凹缘金花天牛 Gaurotes ussuriensis 3 1 1 2 3 10 11.92 0.1100 曲纹花天牛 Leptura ochraceofasciata 4 3 7 12 0.1100 格氏肿腿花天牛 Oedecnema dubia 1 1 7 NS 黄腿短腿花天牛 Pedostrangalia femoralis 1 1 7 NS 佳沙驼花天牛 Pidonia jasha 2 1 1 4 5.52 NS 东北驼花天牛 Pidonia puziloi 1 1 7 NS 斑胸驼花天牛 Pidonia similis 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 12 9.06 NS 玛雅驼花天牛 Pidonia yamato 1 1 7 NS 日本钝突花天牛 Pseudosieversia japonica 1 1 7 NS 黄斑网花天牛 Sachalinobia koltzei 17 4 10 14 13 5 2 3 68 13.13 0.0700 色角斑花天牛 Stictoleptura variicornis 1 1 7 NS 北亚拟修天牛 Eumecocera impustulata 1 1 7 NS 金绿直脊天牛 Eumecocera metallecens 1 3 4 16 0.0300 梣直脊天牛 Eumecocera sedecimpunctata 1 1 2 6 NS 双带粒翅天牛 Lamiomimus gottschei 1 1 7 NS 点利天牛 Leiopus stillatus 1 1 7 NS 四点象天牛 Mesosa myops 13 7 5 5 3 12 9 14 68 6.31 NS 双簇污天牛 Moechotypa diphysis 1 2 1 4 5.52 NS 云杉大墨天牛 Monochamus urussovi 1 1 8 10 8.61 NS 云杉花墨天牛 Monochamus saltuarius 31 11 1 36 1 19 3 102 35.46 0.0002 三带平行天牛 Oplosia suvorovi 1 7 4 12 22.47 0.0210 八点楔天牛 Saperda octopunctata 1 1 7 NS 双斑楔天牛 Saperda subobliterata 1 1 7 NS 棍腿纹虎天牛 Anaglyptus colobotheoides 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 5.33 NS 黑胸短虎天牛 Brachyclytus singularis 1 1 7 NS 黄胸长绿天牛 Chloridolum sieversi 1 1 7 NS 杨柳绿虎天牛 Chlorophorus motschulskyi 1 1 2 6 NS 黄纹曲虎天牛 Cyrtoclytus capra 1 1 7 NS 栎丽虎天牛 Plagionotus pulcher 2 3 1 6 8 NS 赤胸扁鞘天牛 Rhopalopus speciosus 1 1 7 NS 桦脊虎天牛 Xylotrechus clarinus 1 1 7 NS 冷杉脊虎天牛 Xylotrechus cuneipennis 1 1 2 7 NS 脊鞘幽天牛 Asemum striatum 1 4 1 6 8.61 NS 光胸断眼天牛 Tetropium castaneum 5 1 6 10.33 0.1700 瘦天牛 Distenia gracilis 2 1 1 4 8 NS 光胸膜花天牛 Necydalis pennata 1 1 1 1 4 4 NS 锯天牛 Prionus insularis 2 1 1 4 8 NS 物种数合计 15 11 11 13 10 17 15 14 39 27.57 < 0.01 个体数合计 82 26 39 33 73 45 49 35 382 14 0.05 　注：对于只含有3个以下样本的天牛物种不进行分析；NS表示该诱芯处理对该天牛诱集活性差异不显著。

表 3 诱芯对天牛科各亚科物种的诱集效果

Table 3 Trapping effect of lures on Cerambycidae subfamily

亚科 M C MC F FM FC FMC CK 总物种数花天牛亚科 Lepturinae 4 5 5 4 4 8 5 5 13 沟胫天牛亚科 Lamiinae 6 2 4 3 4 5 5 4 12 天牛亚科 Cerambycinae 2 2 2 4 1 2 2 4 9 椎天牛亚科 Spondylidinae 1 2 2 2 瘦天牛亚科 Disteniinae 1 1 1 1 膜花天牛亚科 Necydalinae 1 1 1 1 1 锯天牛亚科 Prioninae 1 1 1 1 亚科数合计 6 5 3 5 4 5 5 4 7

表 4 诱集到的天牛科物种数的异同

Table 4 The comparison of captured Cerambycidae specie numbers

物种数 M C MC F FM FC FMC CK M 15 16 10 14 13 18 10 17 C 5 11 12 10 13 16 16 13 MC 8 5 11 8 9 14 12 7 F 7 7 8 13 11 18 16 9 FM 6 4 6 4 10 17 17 14 FC 7 6 7 6 5 17 14 15 FMC 10 5 7 6 7 9 15 13 CK 6 6 9 9 5 8 8 14 　注：加粗数字的右上方为不同诱芯组合间差异种类的数量，左下方为相同种类的数量。

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