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四照花Dendrobenthamia japonica (DC.) Fang var. chinensis (Osborn) Fang

花匠小妙招
2025-04-09 17:19

四照花Dendrobenthamia japonica (DC.) Fang var. chinensis (Osborn) Fang

别名：山荔枝

科名：山茱萸科 Cornaceae

属名：四照花属 Dendrobenthamia

《中国植物志》第56卷103页
  9b. 四照花（变种）（黄山志）　图版39: 1
  Dendrobenthamia japonica (DC.) Fang var. chinensis (Osborn) Fang in Act. Phtotax. Sin. 2(2): 105. 1953; 四川植物志 1: 371. 图版142. 图1-6. 1981. ——Benthamia chinensis Hort. ex Lavalee, Arb. Segrez. p. 129. 1877, pro syn. ——Cornus Kousa Harms ex Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 506 (Fl. Central-china) 1900; Wanger. in Engl., Pflanzenreich, 41(IV. 229): 88. 1910, pro parte; Rehd. in Sarg., Pl. Wils. 2: 577. 1916, pro parte; Rehd. et Wils. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 181. 1927; Hu in Hu et Chun, Icon. Pl. Sin. 1: 42. Pl. 42. 1927; Merr. et Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 76. 1930. ——C. kousa var. chinensis Osborn in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 72: 310. 1922; Chien in Sinensia 2(2): 98. 1931; Chun in Sunyats. 1: 284. 1934; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 1108. 图3945. 1972. ——Cynoxylon snense Nakai in Journ Jap. B Bot. 15: 741. 1939 ——C. pseudokousa Pojark. in Notul. Syst. Bot. Nom. Kom. Acad. Sci. URSS. 12: 193. 1950. ——Benihamidia japonica (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hara var. chinensis (Osborn) Hara in Journ. Arn. Arb. 29(1): 114. 1948. ——Cornus; Kousa auct. non Buerg.: Harms ex Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 506 (Fl. Central-china) 1900.
  本变种与原变种的区别在于叶为纸质或厚纸质，背面粉绿色，花萼内侧有一圈褐色短柔毛。
  产内蒙古、山西、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南等省区。生于海拔600-2200米的森林中。模式标本采自湖北西部。
  果实成熟时紫红色，味甜可食，又可作为酿酒原料。
形态特征：落叶小乔木；叶对生，纸质，卵形或卵状椭圆形，顶端渐汰，基部圆形或宽楔形，上面绿色，疏被白柔毛，下面粉绿色，除被白柔毛外，在脉腋有时具簇生的白色或黄色毛；果序球形，紫红色；总果柄纤细。
分布：河南、陕西、甘肃、长江流域
生境：林中
繁殖方式：种子
习性：阳生
药用部位：果实
药用功能：烧伤、肝炎
药用主治：烧伤、肝炎

《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis (Osborn) Q. Y. Xiang
四照花 si zhao hua
Trees or shrubs, deciduous, 3–10 m tall. Bark grayish brown, smooth; current year’s branches pubescent with soft white trichomes; second year branches reddish brown, glabrescent or subglabrous, with rounded lenticels. Winter buds mixed, globose, completely covered by 2 pairs of scales. Leaf blade adaxially green, abaxially powder green, narrowly to broadly elliptic, narrowly to broadly ovate, 4–11 × 3.6–5 cm, papery to thickly papery, abaxially often densely papillate and pubescent with appressed trichomes, rarely with long soft white trichomes, trichomes gradually deciduous, axils of veins often with a cluster of white or brown soft long trichomes, veins 4 or 5 pairs, base abruptly acute to rounded, apex abruptly acuminate. Bracts white or rarely pink, narrowly to broadly elliptic to narrowly to broadly ovate, 3–6 cm, glabrous or minutely pubescent, apex acuminate. Capitate cymes globose, 0.7–1 cm in diam., 20–40-flowered; peduncle 3.5–7.5 cm; often with a conspicuously thickened ring at base. Calyx with a ring of short brown or white trichomes; tube ca. 1 mm; lobes pubescent on both surfaces, apex truncate to rounded. Petals greenish or yellowish. Anthers yellow or sometimes dark blue or blackish. Style cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, densely pubescent with thick white trichomes. Compound fruit red at maturity, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., minutely white strigillose; peduncle 6–11 cm. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
Mixed woods, valleys, shaded slopes, streamsides, roadsides; 400–2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, ?Yunnan, Zhejiang.
The edible, sweet fruit is sometimes used for making wine.
Cornus kousa subsp. kousa, from Japan and Korea, has thinly papery leaves with the abaxial surface light green, the base of the peduncle not conspicuously expanded, and smooth branches with lines (cracks) of elongate lenticels; in subsp. chinensis the leaves are thickly papery with the abaxial surface powder green and sometimes with curly white trichomes, the base of the peduncle is conspicuously expanded into a ring, and the branches often have dense, rounded lenticels.

【拼音名】 Sì Zhào Huā
【来源】药材基源：为山茱萸科植物四照花的叶、花。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Dendrobenthamia japonica(DC.)Fang var.chinensis(Osborn)Fang[Cornus kousa Harms ex Diels;C.kousa Hance var.chinensis Osborn]
采收和储藏：夏、秋季采摘，鲜用或晒干。
【原形态】落叶小乔木，高3-5m。树皮灰白色；小枝暗绿色，嫩枝被柔毛。叶对生于短侧枝梢端；叶柄长5-10mm，疏生棕色柔毛；叶片纸质或厚纸质，卵形或卵状椭圆形，长5.5-12cm，宽3.5-7cm，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形或圆形，上面绿色，下面粉绿色，两面均疏被白色柔毛。头状花序球形，约由40-50朵花聚集而成；总花梗长4.5-7.5cm；总苞片4，白色，两面近于无毛；花萼管状，上部4裂，花萼内侧有1圈褐色短柔毛；花瓣4，黄色；雄蕊4，与花瓣互生；子房下位，2室，花柱1，从垫状花盘中伸出，被白色柔毛。果序球形，成熟时暗红色，直径1.5-2.5cm；总果梗纤细，长5.5-9cm，近于无毛，花期6-7月，果期9-10月。
【生境分布】生态环境：生于海拔600-2200m的森林中。
资源分布：分布于西南及内蒙古、山西、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南等地。
【性味】味苦；涩；性凉
【功能主治】清热解毒；收敛止血。主痢疾；肝炎；水火烫伤；外伤出血
【用法用量】内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，捣敷；研末撒或调敷。
【摘录】《中华本草》