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含笑花Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng.

花匠小妙招
2025-04-28 01:09

含笑花Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng.

别名：Banana shrub;醉香含笑;杏花;香蕉花;含笑;唐黄心树;含笑梅;山节子;

科名：木兰科 Magnoliaceae

属名：含笑属 Michelia

《中国植物志》第30(1)卷165页
  12. 含笑花（艺花谱）含笑（中国树木志）图版43：1-6
  Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. Syst. veg. 2: 643. 1825; Dandy in Lingnan Sci Journ. 7: 145. 1929; 广州植物志82. 1956; 海南植物志1: 226. 1964;中国高等植物图鉴1: 795. 1972; Spongb. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 57; 307. 1976; 中国树木志489.1983; 江苏植物志下册200. 图1042. 1982; 广东植物志1: 13.图10: 1-6. 1987.——Liriodendron figo Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 1: 347. 1790.——Magnolia fuscata Andr. Bot. Repos. 4: pl. 229. 1802. ——Michelia. fuscata Bl. ex Wall. Cat. no. 6495. 1832; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 24. 1886; 陈嵘, 中国树木志299. 1937; 江苏南部种子植物手册296.图470. 1959.
  常绿灌木，高2-3米，树皮灰褐色，分枝繁密；芽、嫩枝，叶柄，花梗均密被黄褐色绒毛。叶革质，狭椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长4-10厘米，宽1.8-4.5厘米，先端钝短尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，上面有光泽，无毛，下面中脉上留有褐色平伏毛，余脱落无毛，叶柄长2-4毫米，托叶痕长达叶柄顶端。花直立，长12-20毫米，宽6-11毫米，淡黄色而边缘有时红色或紫色，具甜浓的芳香，花被片6，肉质，较肥厚，长椭圆形，长12－20毫米，宽6-11毫米；雄蕊长7-8毫米，药隔伸出成急尖头，雌蕊群无毛，长约7毫米，超出于雄蕊群；雌蕊群柄长约6毫米，被淡黄色绒毛。聚合果长2-3.5厘米；蓇葖卵圆形或球形，顶端有短尖的喙。花期3-5月，果期7-8月。
  原产华南南部各省区，广东鼎湖山有野生，生于阴坡杂木林中，溪谷沿岸尤为茂盛。现广植于全国各地。在长江流域各地需在温室越冬。模式标本采自广州。
  本种除供观赏外，花有水果甜香，花瓣可拌入茶叶制成花茶，亦可提取芳香油和供药用，本种花开放，含蕾不尽开，故称“含笑花”。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Michelia figo (Loureiro) Sprengel Syst. Veg. 2: 643. 1825.
含笑花 han xiao hua
Liriodendron figo Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 347. 1790; Liriopsis fuscata (Andrews) Spach; Magnolia annonifolia Salisbury; M. figo (Loureiro) Candolle; M. fuscata Andrews; M. fuscata var. annonifolia (Salisbury) Candolle; M. fuscata var. hebeclada Candolle; M. fuscata var. parviflora (Blume) Steudel; M. parviflora Blume; M. parvifolia Candolle; Michelia fuscata (Andrews) Blume; M. parviflora Delessert (1821), not Rumphius ex Candolle (1817); Sampacca parviflora Kuntze.
Shrubs, 2-3 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Twigs and leaves dense. Young twigs, buds, petioles, and brachyblasts densely yellowish brown tomentose. Stipular scar reaching petiole apex. Petiole 2-4 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 4-10 × 1.8-4.5 cm, abaxially midvein with brown appressed trichomes but other parts glabrescent, adaxially glossy and glabrous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtusely acute. Flowers 1.2-2 × 0.6-1.1 cm, erect, sweetly fragrant. Tepals 6, pale yellow but margin sometimes red to purple, long elliptic, 1.2-2 × 0.6-1.1 cm, fleshy and thick. Stamens 7-8 mm; connective exserted and forming a sharp tip. Gynophore ca. 6 mm, pale yellow tomentose; gynoecium ca. 7 mm, exceeding androecium, glabrous. Fruit 2-3.5 cm; mature carpels ovoid to globose, apex with a mucronate beak. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 38*.
● Cultivated throughout most of S China and probably originated in cultivation.
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally. It is cultivated in most other tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world.This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally. It is cultivated in most other tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world.