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蓝桉Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

花匠小妙招
2025-04-29 01:10

蓝桉Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

别名：Tasmanian bluegum;洋草果;桉树;兰桉;白树油树;灰叶桉;尖草果树;苹果木;玉树;玉树油树;金鸡纳树;灰杨柳;小球桉树;有加利;

科名：桃金娘科 Myrtaceae

属名：桉属 Eucalyptus

《中国植物志》第53(1)卷047页
  19．蓝桉（种子植物名称）图版8: 1-3
  Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Voy. 1: 151. t. 13. 1800; R. T. Baker et H. G. Smith Euc. and Their Ess. Oils 2nd. ed. 165. t. 46. 1920;侯宽昭, 中国栽培的桉树13. 图版2; 1-4. 1954; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 999. 图3727. 1972.
  大乔木；树皮灰蓝色，片状剥落；嫩枝略有棱。幼态叶对生，叶片卵形，基部心形，无柄，有白粉；成长叶片革质，披针形，镰状，长15-30厘米，宽1-2厘米，两面有腺点，侧脉不很明显，以35度-40度开角斜行，边脉离边缘1毫米；叶柄长1.5-3厘米，稍扁平。花大，宽4毫米，单生或2-3朵聚生于叶腋内；无花梗或极短；萼管倒圆锥形，长1厘米，宽1.3厘米，表面有4条突起棱角和小瘤状突，被白粉；帽状体稍扁平，中部为圆锥状突起，比兽管短，2层，外层平滑，早落；雄蕊长8-13毫米，多列，花丝纤细，花药椭圆形；花柱长7-8毫米，粗大。蒴果半球形，有4棱，宽2-2.5厘米，果缘平而宽，果瓣不突出。▽广西、云南、四川等地栽培。最北可到成都和汉中。▽不适于低海拔及高温地区，能耐零下低温，生长迅速；木材用途广泛，但略扭曲，抗腐力强，尤适于造船及码头用材；花是蜜源植物；叶含油量0.92%，制作白树油，供药用，有健胃、止神经痛、治风湿、扭伤等效；也作杀虫剂及消毒剂，有杀菌作用。
  原产地在澳大利亚东南角的塔斯马尼亚岛，从海岸至海拔300米的温暖地区，已不是很热，也不是很冷，年雨量为600-1350毫米。在我国东南沿海地区试种尚未有成功的经验。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
18. Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, Voy. Rech. Pérouse. 1: 153. 1800.
蓝桉 lan an
Trees, large. Bark grayish blue, smooth, exfoliating. Branchlets slightly ridged. Young leaves opposite, sessile; leaf blade ovate, glaucescent, base cordate. Mature leaves with a slightly flattened 1.5-3 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 15-30 × 1-2 cm, falcate, leathery, both surfaces glandular, secondary veins at an angle of 35°-40° from midvein and inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 1- or 7-flowered; peduncles flattened or terete. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 1 × 1.3 cm, surface with 4 ridges and rugose protuberances, glaucescent; stipe 0-5 mm; calyptra slightly flattened, with a conic tubercle in middle, shorter than calyx tube, in 2 layers with outer layer glossy and caducous. Stamens 0.8-1.3 cm, in several whorls; filaments slender; anthers elliptic. Style 7-8 mm, stout. Capsule semiglobose, 0.6-2.4 cm in diam., 4-ridged; disk broad; valves 3-5, equaling hypanthium rim or exserted. Fl. Dec-May, fr. winter.Cultivated in Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to SE Australia and Tasmania].