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毛竹林下多花黄精构件生物量分配特征的年际效应

花匠小妙招
2025-05-01 08:16

摘要：

【目的】多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema)是竹药复合经营中主栽物种之一,研究种植年限对毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林下多花黄精生长及生物量分配特征的影响,为毛竹-多花黄精高效复合经营提供理论参考。【方法】选取毛竹林下种植1、2和3 a的多花黄精,调查不同种植年限多花黄精种群生长特征和秆、叶、根、果、块茎生物量,分析多花黄精种群生长特征及构件生物量积累、分配、异速生长关系的差异。【结果】随种植年限增加,毛竹林下多花黄精基径、高度、冠长、果粒数、种群密度总体上均显著升高,而叶片数呈先下降后升高趋势;各构件生物量、地上生物量/地下生物量和秆、叶、果生物量分配比例及秆-总生物量、叶-总生物量、果-总生物量异速生长指数均升高,块茎、根生物量分配比例和块茎-总生物量异速生长指数则降低,而根-总生物量异速生长指数呈先升高后下降趋势。【结论】种植年限对多花黄精生长、种群特征、生物量积累与分配及其异速增长关系产生了明显影响,多花黄精可通过权衡资源分配适应不同种植年限种群密度差异引起的资源限制,毛竹林下种植2 a的多花黄精块茎生物量增速最快,种植3 a的块茎生物量增长速率明显下降,宜予以采收。

关键词: 竹药复合经营, 多花黄精, 种植年限, 异速生长, 生物量积累与分配

Abstract:

【Objective】Polygonatum cyrtonema is the main plant used in the compound management of bamboo forests and in Chinese medicine. This study examined the effects of planting years on the growth and biomass allocation characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema in the understory of Phyllostachys edulis forest to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient management of Phyllostachys edulis and Polygonatum cyrtonema. 【Method】Polygonatum cyrtonema plants grown in Phyllostachys edulis for one, two and three years were selected to investigate the growth characteristics and biomass of stems, leaves, roots, fruits and tubers during different planting years. Allometric growth of the module biomass was also analyzed. 【Result】With the increasing planting time, basal diameter, height, crown length, fruit number and population density increased significantly, whereas the number of leaves first decreased and then increased. The module biomass, aboveground biomass/underground biomass, the allocation proportion of stems, leaves, fruits and allometric growth index of stem, leaf and fruit-total biomass increased, whereas the allocation proportion of tuber and root biomass and the allometric growth index of tuber-total biomass decreased. Additionally, the allometric growth index of root-total biomass initially increased and then decreased. 【Conclusion】Planting year significantly affected the growth, population characteristics, biomass accumulation and allocation, and allometric growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Polygonatum cyrtonema could regulate its resource allocation to adapt to the resource limitations of different population densities. Tuber biomass increased the fastest for the plants grown for two years, but decreased obviously for the plants grown for three years, which could be considered the optimal harvesting time.

Key words: compound management of bamboo forests and Chinese medicine, Polygonatum cyrtonema, cultivation years, allometric growth, biomass accumulation and allocation

中图分类号:

S759