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鹅掌柴Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms

花匠小妙招
2025-05-03 20:02

鹅掌柴Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms

别名：七叶鹅掌柴;鸭脚木;鸭木树;

科名：五加科 Araliaceae

属名：鹅掌柴属 Schefflera

《中国植物志》第54卷050页
  26.鹅掌柴（中国树木分类学）鸭母树（种子植物名称）、鸭脚木（广东、广西土名）图版6：6-10
  Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (8): 38. 1894; Vig. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 1178. pl. 139 no. 5-7. 1923; 钟心煊, 科学社丛刊1: 180. 1924; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 139. 1927; Kanehira, Formos. Trees rev. ed. 527. f. 520. 1930; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学937. f. 830. 1937; Li in Sargentia 2: 20. 1942 & Woody Fl. Taiwan 671. f. 278. 1963;侯宽昭等, 广州植物志458. 1956;林来官, 福建师院学报第一期下卷143. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴2: 1028. f. 3786. 1972——Aralia octophylla Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 187. 1790 & in ed. Willd. 233. 1793——Paratropia cantoniensis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 189. 1841; Bench. Fl. Hongk. 136. 1861——Agalma octophyllum Seem. in Journ. Bot. 2: 298 (Revis. Heder. 24. 1868) 1864——Heptapleurum octophgllum Benth. ex Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 105. 1873; Forb. & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888; Dunn & Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. 10: 119. 1912 ——Agalma lutchuense Nakai in Journ. Arn. Arb. 5: 20. 1924; Hutch. Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 622. 1967.
  乔木或灌木，高2-15米，胸径可达30厘米以上；小枝粗壮，干时有皱纹，幼时密生星状短柔毛，不久毛渐脱稀。叶有小叶6-9，最多至11；叶柄长15-30厘米，疏生星状短柔毛或无毛；小叶片纸质至革质，椭圆形、长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，稀椭圆状披针形，长9-17厘米，宽3-5厘米，幼时密生星状短柔毛，后毛渐脱落，除下面沿中脉和脉腋间外均无毛，或全部无毛，先端急尖或短渐尖，稀圆形，基部渐狭，楔形或钝形，边缘全缘，但在幼树时常有锯齿或羽状分裂，侧脉7-10对，下面微隆起，网脉不明显；小叶柄长1.5-5厘米，中央的较长，两侧的较短，疏生星状短柔毛至无毛。圆锥花序顶生，长20-30厘米，主轴和分枝幼时密生星状短柔毛，后毛渐脱稀；分枝斜生，有总状排列的伞形花序几个至十几个，间或有单生花1-2；伞形花序有花10-15朵；总花梗纤细，长1-2厘米，有星状短柔毛；花梗长4一5毫米，有星状短柔毛；小苞片小，宿存；花白色；萼长约2.5毫米，幼时有星状短柔毛，后变无毛，边缘近全缘或有5-6小齿；花瓣5-6，开花时反曲，无毛；雄蕊5-6，比花瓣略长；子房5-7室，稀9-10室；花柱合生成粗短的柱状；花盘平坦。果实球形，黑色，直径约5毫米，有不明显的棱；宿存花柱很粗短，长1毫米或稍短；柱头头状。花期11-12月，果期12月。
  广布于西藏（察隅）、云南、广西、广东、浙江、福建和台湾，为热带、亚热带地区常绿阔叶林常见的植物，有时也生于阳坡上，海拔100-2100米。日本、越南和印度也有分布。
  本种是南方冬季的蜜源植物；木材质软，为火柴杆及制作蒸笼原料；叶及根皮民间供药用，治疗流感、跌打损伤等症。
  本种小叶片形状变异很大，最主要的特征是花柱合生成粗短的柱状，在结实时也很粗短。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Schefflera heptaphylla (Linnaeus) Frodin
鹅掌柴 e zhang chai
Vitis heptaphylla Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 2: 212. 1771; Aralia octophylla Loureiro; Heptapleurum octophyllum (Loureiro) Bentham ex Hance; Paratropia cantoniensis Hooker & Arnott; Schefflera atrifoliata R. H. Miao; S. octophylla (Loureiro) Harms; S. rubriflora C. J. Tseng & G. Hoo.
Trees, to 15 m tall, andromonoecious. Petiole (5-)10-30 cm; petiolules 1.5-5 cm; leaflets 6-9(-11), elliptic to oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 7-18 × 3-5 cm, papery to leathery, densely stellate pubescent when young, glabrescent except on midvein and in axils of veins, secondary veins 7-10 pairs, tertiary veins inconspicuous, base attenuate or cuneate to obtuse or rounded, margin entire, often serrate or pinnately lobed on young plants, apex abruptly acute to acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, densely stellate tomentose, glabrescent; primary axis to 35 cm; secondary axes 25(-35) cm, with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and several to many lateral umbels of bisexual or more often male flowers, usually also with 1 to several bisexual flowers borne just below apical umbel; pedicels 4-5 mm. Calyx pubescent at first, entire or 5- or 6-toothed. Ovary 5-9(or 10)-carpellate; styles united into a thick column less than 1.5 mm. Fruit globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., inconspicuously angled when dry; styles persistent, to ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Sep-Dec, fr. Dec-Feb.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests on mountain slopes; 100-2100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is used for its timber and also medicinally.