首页 > 分享 > 大兴安岭中段五岔沟地区蝶类多样性及区系分析

大兴安岭中段五岔沟地区蝶类多样性及区系分析

花匠小妙招
2025-05-03 23:22

摘要:

为了解大兴安岭中段地区蝶类群落结构及地理区系特点，2019年7-8月在五岔沟地区选取山地草甸、山地落叶阔叶林、沼泽草甸、农田和山地针叶林5种生境对蝴蝶多样性进行调查。结果表明，共观测记录蝴蝶5科44属65种856只，蛱蝶科为优势类群，灰蝶科、粉蝶科为常见类群，弄蝶科、凤蝶科为罕见类群。突角小粉蝶（Leptidea amurensis）、阿芬眼蝶（Aphantopus hyperantus）、绿豹蛱蝶（Argynnis paphia）、灿福蛱蝶（Fabriciana adippe）和蛇眼蝶（Minois dryas）为研究区优势种。不同生境蝶类多样性分析结果表明，山地草甸生境多样性指数（3.115 2）和均匀度指数（0.898 8）最高，山地落叶阔叶林生境丰富度指数（6.838 6）最高，农田生境优势度指数（0.089 2）最高。5种生境相似性分析结果表明，不同生境之间物种相似性系数均在0.25~0.50之间，为中等不相似。区系分析结果表明研究区蝶类以古北-东洋界共有种为主（46种），占总数的70.77%。在中国地理区系中，蒙新区分布有65种（100%），其次为东北区，分布有62种（95.38%）。在内蒙古地理区系中，大兴安岭山地亚区分布有65种（100%），其次为内蒙古高原亚区，分布有57种（87.69%）。

关键词: 蝴蝶 / 多样性 / 群落组成 / 生境 / 区系

Abstract:

In order to understand the community structure and geographical character of butterfly in middle section of Daxing'anling Mountains, the diversity of butterfly in Wuchagou area in five habitats (mountain meadow, mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest, swamp meadow, farmland and mountain coniferous forest) was investigated in July-August, 2019. The results show that 5 families, 44 genera, 65 species, 856 individuals were recorded. The dominant family was Nymphalidae. Lycaenidae and Pieridae were common groups, and Hesperiidae and Papilionidae were rare groups. The dominant species were Leptidea amurensis, Aphantopus hyperantus, Argynnis paphia, Fabriciana adippe and Minois dryas. Analysis of butterfly diversity in different habitat types showed the mountain meadow with highest diversity index (3.115 2) and evenness index (0.898 8), the mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest with the highest abundance index (6.838 6), and the farmland with the highest dominance index (0.089 2). The similarity analysis of five habitats show that the coefficients between different habitats were 0.25-0.50, for medium dissimilarity. The results of the fauna analysis show the dominant of Palaeartic-Oriental common species. As for Chinese Fauna, there were 65 species (100%) recorded in Mongolia-Xinjiang region, followed by Northeast region with 62 species (95.38%). As for the Inner Mongolian fauna, there were 65 species (100%) recorded in Daxing'anling Mountain sub-region, followed by Inner Mogolian Plateau subregion with 57 species (87.69%). These community structure and geographical characters of butterfly is closely related to the geographical location of Wuchagou area.

图 1 各科种类数月际变化

Figure 1. Monthly changes of the number of species of each family

图 2 各科个体数月际变化

Figure 2. Monthly changes of individual quantity of each family

表 1 五岔沟地区蝶类群落数量特征

Table 1 Quantitative characteristics of butterfly communities in Wuchagou area

科名属数种数个体数多样性指数H′ 均匀度指数J 优势度指数D 丰富度指数R 凤蝶科(Papilionidae) 2 4 9 1.310 8 0.945 5 0.284 0 1.365 4 粉蝶科(Pieridae) 5 8 104 1.472 5 0.708 1 0.285 5 1.507 2 蛱蝶科(Ymphalidae) 23 33 619 2.936 9 0.840 0 0.065 7 4.978 1 灰蝶科(Lycaenidae) 11 16 110 2.328 4 0.839 8 0.124 8 3.191 2 弄蝶科(Hesperiidae) 3 4 14 1.254 0 0.904 6 0.306 1 1.136 8

表 2 不同生境蝶类群落多样性特征

Table 2 Diversity characteristics of butterfly communities in different habitats

生境科属种个体数量多样性指数H′ 均匀度指数J 优势度指数D 丰富度指数R 山地草甸 5 28 32 97 3.115 2 0.898 8 0.061 1 6.776 4 山地落叶阔叶林 5 29 36 167 3.063 8 0.855 0 0.064 4 6.838 6 沼泽草甸 5 28 36 232 3.004 5 0.838 4 0.069 6 6.425 9 农田 3 23 26 117 2.767 8 0.849 5 0.089 2 5.249 7 山地针叶林 5 26 33 243 2.891 6 0.827 0 0.076 3 5.825 5

表 3 不同生境蝴蝶相似性分析

Table 3 Analysis of similarity of butterfly of different habitats

生境山地草甸山地落叶阔叶林沼泽草甸农田山地针叶林山地草甸 0.283 0 0.416 7 0.348 8 0.477 3 山地落叶阔叶林 15 0.411 8 0.476 2 0.437 5 沼泽草甸 20 21 0.319 1 0.468 1 农田 15 20 15 0.404 8 山地针叶林 21 21 22 17右上三角数据为两生境间相似性系数；左下三角数据为两生境间相同物种数。 [1] 李志刚, 曾焕忱, 叶静文, 等. 东莞银瓶山自然保护区蝶类群落的多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(9): 2385-2390. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ201209032.htm

LI Zhi-gang, ZENG Huan-chen, YE Jing-wen, et al. Butterfly Diversity in Yinpingshan Nature Reserve of Dongguan, South China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(9): 2385-2390. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ201209032.htm

[2] 寿建新. 蝴蝶分类系统及最新数据[J]. 西安文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2010, 13(3): 91-102. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-5564.2010.03.026

SHOU Jian-xin. Butterfly Classification System and the Latest Data[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Arts & Science (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 13(3): 91-102. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-5564.2010.03.026

[3] 黄凤梅, 罗志文, 裴海英. 大兴安岭北极村蝶类资源调查[J]. 佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 26(5): 711-714. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1402.2008.05.046

HUANG Feng-mei, LUO Zhi-wen, PEI Hai-ying. Investigation of Butterfly Resources in Beiji Village of Great Xing'an Mountains[J]. Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 26(5): 711-714. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1402.2008.05.046

[4] 旦智措, 鲍敏, 马存新, 等. 青海玉树高原不同生境类型蝶类群落结构与多样性[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(21): 7557-7564. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201821005.htm

DAN Zhi-cuo, BAO Min, MA Cun-xin, et al. Community Structure and Butterfly Diversity in Different Habitat Types in the Qinghai Yushu Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(21): 7557-7564. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201821005.htm

[5] 王敏, 黄国华, 范骁凌, 等. 石门台自然保护区蝴蝶物种多样性研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2003, 11(6): 441-453. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2003.06.002

WANG Min, HUANG Guo-hua, FAN Xiao-ling, et al. Species Diversity of Butterflies in Shimentai Nature Reserve, Guangdong[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 2003, 11(6): 441-453. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2003.06.002

[6] 马方舟, 徐海根, 陈萌萌, 等. 全国蝴蝶多样性观测网络(China BON-Butterflies)建设进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(1): 27-36. DOI: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.01.004

MA Fang-zhou, XU Hai-gen, CHEN Meng-meng, et al. Progress in Construction of China Butterfly Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Butterflies)[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(1): 27-36. DOI: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.01.004

[7] 胡冰冰, 李后魂, 梁之聘, 等. 八仙山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性及区系组成[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(12): 3226-3238. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201012019.htm

HU Bing-bing, LI Hou-hun, LIANG Zhi-pin, et al. Diversity and Fauna of Butterflies in Baxian Mountain State Nature Reserves[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(12): 3226-3238. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201012019.htm

[8] 洪雪萌, 戈昕宇, 李俊兰. 赛罕乌拉自然保护区蝶类多样性及其影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2018, 26(6): 590-600. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDY201806007.htm

HONG Xue-meng, GE Xin-yu, LI Jun-lan. Butterfly Diversity and Its Influencing Factors in Saihanwula Nature Reserve[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2018, 26(6): 590-600. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDY201806007.htm

[9] 张辰生. 佛坪国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018. [10]

POLLARD E. A Method for Assessing Changes in the Abundance of Butterflies[J]. Biological Conservation, 1977, 12(2): 115-134. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3207(77)90065-9

[11] 苏日娜, 王旭娜, 钱宏革, 等. 锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性调查及分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(10): 1301-1308. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0185

SU Ri-na, WANG Xu-na, QIAN Hong-ge, et al. Analysis on the Diversity of Butterfly Communities in Xilingol Prairie National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1301-1308. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0185

[12] 李业乐, 陈春棠, 周丽娅, 等. 浙江省括苍山自然保护区蝴蝶多样性研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2018, 57(14): 56-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBNY201814015.htm

LI Ye-le, CHEN Chun-tang, ZHOU Li-ya, et al. Study on the Diversity of Butterfly in the Kuocang Mountain Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 57(14): 56-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBNY201814015.htm

[13] 周尧. 中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定[M]. 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 1998: 1-349.

ZHOU Yao. Classification and Identification of Chinese Butterflies[M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 1998: 1-349.

[14] 周尧. 中国蝶类志[M]. 2版(修订本). 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 1999: 1-746.

ZHOU Yao. Monograph of Chinese Butterflies Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium[M]. 2nd ed. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 1999: 1-746.

[15] 王敏, 范骁凌. 中国灰蝶志[M]. 郑州: 河南科学技术出版社, 2002: 1-397.

WANG Min, FAN Xiao-ling. Butterflies Fauna Sinica: Lycaenidae[M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 2002: 1-397.

[16] 能乃扎布. 内蒙古昆虫[M]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古人民出版社, 1999: 191-261.

Nennaizab. Insects of Inner Mongolia China[M]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolian People's Publishing House, 1999: 191-261.

[17] 马克平, 黄建辉, 于顺利, 等. 北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究: Ⅱ. 丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J]. 生态学报, 1995, 15(3): 268-277 DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1995.03.006

MA Ke-ping, HUANG Jian-hui, YU Shun-li, et al. Plant Community Diversity in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China: Ⅱ. Species Richness, Evenness and Species Diversities[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1995, 15(3): 268-277 DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1995.03.006

[18] 黎璇, 袁兴中, 邓合黎. 横断山区蝶类的垂直分布及其多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28(9): 1847-1852. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ200909030.htm

LI Xuan, YUAN Xing-zhong, DENG He-li. Vertical Distribution and Diversity of Butterflies in Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(9): 1847-1852. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ200909030.htm

[19] 郭成, 袁树先, 白桂芬, 等. 黑里河国家级自然保护区蝶类资源调查及区系研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(22): 13263-13265. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2011.22.001

GUO Cheng, YUAN Shu-xian, BAI Gui-fen, et al. Resource Survey and Faunal Study of Butterflies in Heilihe National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(22): 13263-13265. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2011.22.001

[20] 郝淑莲, 薛琪琪, 冯丹丹, 等. 山西南部山地蝴蝶多样性与生态位差异比较研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(10): 1314-1321. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0663

HAO Shu-lian, XUE Qi-qi, FENG Dan-dan, et al. Comparative Study on Butterfly Diversity and Niche Difference in Mountainous Region of Southern Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(10): 1314-1321. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0663

[21] 吴婷婷. 河北南部机场鸟类群落结构与多样性研究[D]. 保定: 河北大学, 2019. [22] 阳含熙, 卢泽愚. 植物生态学的数量分类方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1981: 90-120. [23] 刘艳超, 刘善思, 杨乐. 西藏拉萨周边繁殖鸟类多样性与分布研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(11): 1381-1387. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0177

LIU Yan-chao, LIU Shan-si, YANG Le. Diversity and Distribution of Breeding Birds in the Surrounding Areas of Lhasa, Tibet, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(11): 1381-1387. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0177

[24] 顾伟, 马玲, 刘哲强, 等. 小兴安岭凉水自然保护区蝶类多样性[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(22): 7387-7396. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201522013.htm

GU Wei, MA Ling, LIU Zhe-qiang, et al. Diversity of Butterflies in Liangshui Nature Reserves of Xiao Xing'an Mountains[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(22): 7387-7396. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201522013.htm

[25] 尚素琴, 张红勇, 田赋斌, 等. 甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成与多样性[J]. 草业科学, 2017, 34(6): 1314-1322. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CYKX201706022.htm

SHANG Su-qin, ZHANG Hong-yong, TIAN Fu-bin, et al. Diversity of Butterfly Fauna in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(6): 1314-1322. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CYKX201706022.htm

[26] 李雷雷, 鲍敏, 张营, 等. 青海省祁连县不同生境蝶类群落特征与月度变化规律[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 484-490. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0130

LI Lei-lei, BAO Min, ZHANG Ying, et al. The Community Characteristics and Monthly Variation Patterns of Butterfly Species in Qilian County, Qinghai Province, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(4): 484-490. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0130

[27] 王松, 鲍方印, 鲍成满, 等. 安徽韭山国家森林公园蝶类群落多样性[J]. 昆虫知识, 2010, 47(1): 183-189. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCZS201001051.htm

WANG Song, BAO Fang-yin, BAO Cheng-man, et al. The Community Diversity of Butterflies in Jiushan National Forest Park, Anhui[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2010, 47(1): 183-189. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCZS201001051.htm

[28] 汤春梅, 杨庆森, 蔡继增. 甘肃小陇山林区不同生境类型蝶类多样性研究[J]. 昆虫知识, 2010, 47(3): 563-567. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCZS201003028.htm

TANG Chun-mei, YANG Qing-sen, CAI Ji-zeng. The Butterfly Diversity of Different Habitat Types in Xiaolongshan Forest Area, Gansu Province[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2010, 47(3): 563-567. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCZS201003028.htm

[29] 李欣芸, 杨益春, 贺泽帅, 等. 宁夏贺兰山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性及其环境影响因子[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2020, 42(3): 660-673. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2020.03.16

LI Xin-yun, YANG Yi-chun, HE Ze-shuai, et al. Diversity of Butterflies Community and Its Environmental Factors in Helan Mountain Nature Reserve, Ningxia[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2020, 42(3): 660-673. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2020.03.16

[30] 梅杰, 冉辉, 杨天友, 等. 贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(2): 504-509. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ201502030.htm

MEI Jie, RAN Hui, YANG Tian-you, et al. Species Diversity of Butterflies in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve of Guizhou[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(2): 504-509. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ201502030.htm