三分钟学会作物真菌、细菌、病毒、根结线虫病害鉴定识别！

王书伟

<p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">真菌性病害的诊断<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">：</span></span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">主要症状是坏死、腐烂和萎蔫，少数为畸形。特别是病斑上有各种颜色的霉状物、粒状物和粉状物。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">细菌性病害的诊断</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">：主要症状有坏死、腐烂、萎蔫和畸形等，并时常有菌脓溢出，患部往往有恶臭味。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">病毒病害的诊断</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">：没有明显病征，主要症状是花叶、黄化、斑驳、皱缩、丛枝等，少数为坏死斑点。还有出现“隐症现象”。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">线虫病害的诊断</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">：主要症状是植物生长缓慢类似营养不良的现象；植株或叶片干枯扭曲、畸形，组织干腐，形成虫瘿；植株干部肿大或腐烂，须根丛生，形成根瘤或根结。</span></h3> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="29514" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 1.8em; width: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; border-width: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(201, 101, 107); font-size: 1.6em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(201, 101, 107); background: rgb(254, 254, 254); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="2" style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1.56em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; border-radius: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); border-color: rgb(201, 101, 107); background-color: rgb(201, 101, 107); z-index: -1; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 2em; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important;">植物病原菌真菌</span></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93131" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="paragraph" class="" style="max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 15px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 10px; color: inherit; border-top: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 199); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 5px 15px 20px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">常在寄主发病部位的表面长出各种颜色的<strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">霉状物、粉状物、粒状物</span></strong>等。</span></h3></section></section></section></section></section></section> <section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="29514" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 1.8em; width: 1.8em; border-radius: 50%; border-width: 3px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(201, 101, 107); font-size: 1.6em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(201, 101, 107); background: rgb(254, 254, 254); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" data-original-title="" title="" data-num="2" style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1.56em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; float: left; border-radius: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(254, 254, 254); border-color: rgb(201, 101, 107); background-color: rgb(201, 101, 107); z-index: -1; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" data-brushtype="text" style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 2em; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; float: left; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word !important;">植物病原细菌</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; width: 0px; height: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92230" style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="95%" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 311.594px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; width: 311.594px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: -2px; max-width: 100%; width: 50px; height: 50px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(104, 104, 104); border-left: 1px solid rgb(104, 104, 104); word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -48px; margin-bottom: -48px; padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); line-height: 28px; transform: translateZ(10px); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、叶、果上的斑点和<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">枯斑，有的穿孔</strong></span>，有的木质化。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、挤压病株茎横切面，有乳<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">白色菌脓溢</strong></span>出。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、主要有坏死、腐烂、萎蔫和畸形四类。病征为<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(112, 48, 160); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">脓状物</strong></span>。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、多发生在木本植物的根冠、茎及枝条上。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、菌引起的有<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">恶臭味，真菌引起的无恶臭味</strong></span>。</span></h3></section></section></section></section></section> <h3>常见细菌性病害：</h3><h3>柑橘溃疡病，黄瓜细菌性角斑病，白菜软腐病，青枯病等</h3> <h3>3.、病毒病</h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);">没有明显病症，常见病状有花叶、黄化、斑驳、皱缩、矮化、丛生及畸形等。有些症状会受环境条件的影响出现暂时消失，即“隐症现象”。</span><br></h3> <h3>4、植物线虫病</h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（</span>1<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）植物生长<strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;">缓慢、衰弱、矮小，色泽失常</span></strong>，叶片黄萎，类似营养不良的现象。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（</span>2<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）植株或叶片干枯<strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); word-wrap: break-word !important;">扭曲、畸形，组织干腐</span></strong>，形成虫瘿。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（</span>3<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; word-wrap: break-word !important;">）植株干部肿大或腐烂，<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">须根丛生，形成根瘤</strong></span>或根结。</span></h3> <h3>中草药老田头1号使用后防治恶苗病效果图片</h3> <h3>喷毕加柠檬精油助剂使用效果图片</h3>

三分钟学会作物真菌、细菌、病毒、根结线虫病害鉴定识别！