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广西涠洲岛滨海湿地潮下带海草、红树林与互花米草的分布和群落结构特征

花匠小妙招
2025-05-06 09:30

QIU Guang-long, PAN Liang-hao, WANG Xin, SU Zhi-nan, FANG Chao, FAN Hang-qing. Distribution and community structure of subtidal seagrasses,mangroves and Spartina alterniflora on the coastal wetlands of Weizhou Island, Guangxi[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 2021, 40(1): 56-64. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2021.01.006

Citation: QIU Guang-long, PAN Liang-hao, WANG Xin, SU Zhi-nan, FANG Chao, FAN Hang-qing. Distribution and community structure of subtidal seagrasses,mangroves and Spartina alterniflora on the coastal wetlands of Weizhou Island, Guangxi[J]. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 2021, 40(1): 56-64. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2021.01.006

广西涠洲岛滨海湿地潮下带海草、红树林与互花米草的分布和群落结构特征

邱广龙1,2, 潘良浩1,2, 王欣1,2, 苏治南1,2, 方超1,2, 范航清1,2 1.

广西科学院广西红树林研究中心、广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室，广西北海 536000

自然资源部北部湾滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站，广西北海 536015

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目 (2017YFC0506100)；国家科技基础性工作专项资助项目(2015FY110600)；国家科技基础资源调查专项资助项目(2019FY100600)；广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室系统性课题资助项目(GKLMC-20A01/16A02)

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Distribution and community structure of subtidal seagrasses,mangroves and Spartina alterniflora on the coastal wetlands of Weizhou Island, Guangxi

QIU Guang-long1,2, PAN Liang-hao1,2, WANG Xin1,2, SU Zhi-nan1,2, FANG Chao1,2, FAN Hang-qing1,2 1.

Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai 536000, China

Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, MNR, Beihai 536015, China

摘要

摘要: 系统报道了广西涠洲岛的潮下带海草、红树林以及互花米草的分布和群落结构特征。2019—2020年的调查结果表明，涠洲岛海草分布于南湾西侧，紧邻珊瑚礁区，面积4 246 m2，为潮下带的生长形式，海草种类仅见卵叶喜盐草（Halophila ovalis）；真红树植物有6种[红海榄（Rhizophora stylosa）、海漆（Excoecaria agallocha）、白骨壤（Avicennia marina）、桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）、卤蕨（Acrostichum aureurm）以及外来种无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetela）]，占广西真红树种类的50%，分布于涠洲岛西北部的西角沟、北部的牛角坑沟和东南部的五彩滩，总面积约450 m2；半红树植物6种，占广西半红树种类的75%；外来种互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）仅见于西北部的西角沟，面积处于快速扩展阶段（现存面积70 m2，比9个月前的面积增加了2倍）。尽管涠洲岛的红树林和海草床面积均较小，但却是我国为数不多三大典型海洋生态系统(红树林、海草床和珊瑚礁)共存的区域，具有较高的保护价值和科学价值。涠洲岛滨海湿地的管理，应加大对乡土红树植物的保护力度，并密切跟踪监控外来种无瓣海桑和互花米草，必要时进行人工清除。此外，应积极防范有害藻华的发生，以免对涠洲岛海草床乃至整个海洋生态系统产生负面影响。

Abstract: Distribution and community characteristics of the subtidal seagrasses, mangroves and exotic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in Weizhou Island, Guangxi, were systematically studied. The results from 2019 to 2020 show that seagrasses, growing in subtidal zone and covering an area of 4 246 m2, were close to the coral reef area in the west side of Nanwan Bay, Weizhou Island. The subtidal seagrass bed in the Nanwan Bay was dominated by Halophila ovalis. Six true mangrove species (Rhizophora stylosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum,Acrostichum aureurm and the exotic species Sonneratia apetela) in Weizhou Island were identified, accounting for 50% of total true mangroves species in Guangxi. They were distributing in Xijiaogou (northwest of the island), Niujiaokenggou (north of the island) and Wucaitan (southeast of the island) with areas of 450 m2. There were 6 semimangrove plants found in the island, accounting for 75% of the total in Guangxi. The exotic cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, was rapidly spreading, covering an area of 70 m2 which were 3 times of the original area in 9 months at Xijiaogou, the northwest of the island. Although the area of mangroves and seagrass beds in Weizhou Island, Guangxi is relatively limited, it is one of a few areas where the three typical coastal ecosystems (seagrass bed, mangrove forest and coral reef) coexist in China, showing high values for conservation and scientific purpose. Thus, the management of the coastal wetlands in Weizhou Island should be strengthened for the conservation of the native mangrove plants. A close attention should be paid to monitoring the exotic species S. apetala and S. alterniflora and they should be removed when necessary. Besides, proactive measures should be taken to prevent and control the harmful algal blooms in order to avoid their negative impact on the seagrass bed and even the entire marine ecosystem of Weizhou Island.

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