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独行菜Lepidium apetalum Willdenow

花匠小妙招
2025-05-06 22:34

独行菜Lepidium apetalum Willdenow

别名：辣辣;葶苈;北葶苈子;察触;昌古;地合米;丁历;独秆菜;鸡积菜;苦葶苈;拉拉罐;辣根菜;辣根儿草;辣蒿;辣辣菜;辣辣根;辣麻麻;利利盖;麦稭草;尿溜溜;宁津草;雀扑拉;沙荠;甜葶苈子;葶力;葶苈子;无瓣独行菜;腺独行菜;腺茎独行菜;小辣辣;羊辣罐;羊辣罐子;洋辣罐儿;

科名：十字花科 Brassicaceae

属名：独行菜属 Lepidium

《中国植物志》第33卷057页
  14. 独行菜（中国高等植物图鉴）腺独行菜（东北植物检索表），腺茎独行菜（秦岭植物志）
  Lepidium apetalum Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 439. 1800; Thell. in Neue Denkschr Schweiz. Gesell. Naturw. 41: 131. 1906; N. Busch. Fl. Sib. et Orient. Extr. 1: 91. f. et tab. geogr. 1926; et in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 508. 1939; 北京植物志上卷, 347. 图294. 1962; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 36. 图1801. 1972; Jafri, Fl. West Pakist 55: 55. f. 4 B et t. 2. f. 3. 1973; 秦岭植物志 1 (2): 403. 图 346. 1974; 内蒙古植物志 2: 309. 图版 161. 1978; 湖北植物志 2: 31. 图721. 1979; 东北草本植物志 4: 68. 图版39. 1980.
  一年或二年生草本，高5-30厘米；茎直立，有分枝，无毛或具微小头状毛。基生叶窄匙形，一回羽状浅裂或深裂，长3-5厘米，宽1-1.5厘米；叶柄长1-2厘米；茎上部叶线形，有疏齿或全缘。总状花序在果期可延长至5厘米；萼片早落，卵形，长约0.8毫米，外面有柔毛；花瓣不存或退化成丝状，比萼片短；雄蕊2或4。短角果近圆形或宽椭圆形，扁平，长2-3毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端微缺，上部有短翅，隔膜宽不到1毫米；果梗弧形，长约3毫米。种子椭圆形，长约1毫米，平滑，棕红色。花果期5-7月。
  产东北、华北、江苏、浙江、安徽、西北、西南。生在海拔400-2000米山坡、山沟、路旁及村庄附近。为常见的田间杂草。苏联欧洲部分，亚洲东部及中部、喜马拉雅地区均有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
  嫩叶作野菜食用；全草及种子供药用，有利尿、止咳、化痰功效；种子作葶苈子用，亦可榨油。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 8 (2001)
Lepidium apetalum Willdenow
独行菜 du xing cai
Lepidium chitungense Jacot.
Herbs annual or biennial, (5-)10-25(-40) cm tall, puberulent with clavate or capitate trichomes. Stems erect, branched basally and above. Petiole of basal leaves (0.5-)1-3 cm; leaf blade oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 1.5-4(-5) × 0.7-1.2(-1.5) cm, pinnatifid, sinuate, or dentate. Upper cauline leaves sessile; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, linear-oblong, or linear, 0.6-3(-4) cm × 1-3(-5) mm, base subauriculate or sometimes cuneate, margin remotely serrate or entire, apex acute to subobtuse. Fruiting pedicels slender, often recurved, 2-4(-5) mm, puberulent only adaxially with clavate or capitate trichomes, slightly flattened or narrowly winged. Sepals caducous, oblong, 0.7-0.8 × 0.3-0.4 mm, glabrous or puberulent, white at margin and apex. Petals absent, or rudimentary, linear, ca. 0.3 mm. Stamens 2; filaments 0.7-0.8 mm; anthers broadly ovate, 0.1-0.2 mm. Fruit broadly elliptic, 2.2-3.1 × 1.7-2.3 mm, widest at middle, apex narrowly winged; apical notch 0.1-0.3 mm; style 0.05-0.15 mm, included in apical notch. Seeds reddish brown, ovate-oblong, 1.1-1.3 × 0.6-0.8 mm, wingless, finely papillate; cotyledons incumbent. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. May-Sep.
Roadsides, slopes, waste places, ravines, plains, fields; 400-4800 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan].
The above first record from Mongolia is based on Chaney 498 (US).