释放花绒寄甲和设置诱木防治松褐天牛对松材线虫病的控制作用研究
摘要： 松材线虫是我国林业重大外来有害生物,松褐天牛是传播松材线虫病的主要媒介昆虫.本研究通过在松材线虫病疫区布设诱木引诱松褐天牛成虫集中产卵,翌年在下一代松褐天牛成虫羽化出孔前清理林中诱木和枯死木,以及在诱木布设区同时释放寄生性天敌花绒寄甲等措施,探讨对松材线虫病的控制作用.研究结果显示,林间设置诱木和释放天敌的样地内枯死木和衰弱木数量较对照显著下降,防治效果分别为71.27%和90.25%.防治后诱木处理区和释放天敌的样地内携带松材线虫的病木数量以及松褐天牛的虫口密度也显著降低.释放天敌的样地和未释放天敌的样地内松褐天牛的寄生率分别为38.34%和3.92%,二者差异明显.室内人工接种天敌的测定结果表明,天敌与害虫数量比例为1:1～4:1的寄生率为12.5%～40%,不同比例的处理寄生率无显著差异.每根木段释放10头花绒寄甲成虫比释放4头成虫的处理松褐天牛的寄生率明显要高,分别为19.45%和4.11%.表明天敌在林间对松褐天牛种群起到重要的控制作用,从而阻止天牛对松材线虫病的扩散传播.
Abstract: The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is an important invasive forest pest in China; and Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus is the major vector insect. To explore sustainable management of the pine wilt disease, bait-trees were set in the forests to lure adults of M. alternatus for oviposition, which would be eradicated before adult emergence in the next year. Meanwhile, parasitoid Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) was released in sample stands. Then the spread chain of pine wood nematode would be cut off by the control measurements mentioned above. Results showed that the number of dead and weak trees decreased significantly in the plots with bait-trees and release of natural enemies compared with the control area. The control efficiency was 71.27% and 90.25% in bait-tree plot and natural enemy release plot, respectively. The trees infested with pine wood nematode and the population density of M. alternatus also reduced significantly in the two treatment plots. The parasitism rates of M. alternatus were 38.34% and 3.92% in the parasitoid release area and the control area, respectively. The indoor tests showed that parasitism rates were 12.5%—40% when the natural enemy was released at the ratio of 1:1—4:1 (natural enemy to beetle), there were no significant differences in parasitism rates among different releasing proportions.. The parasitism rate increased significantly when a log was released with 10 D. helophoroides adults (19.45%) than with 4 adults (4.11%). These findings indicate that natural enemies play an important role against the population of M. alternatus in forests, thus preventing pine sawyer to spread the pine wood nematode disease.
中图分类号:
S763.3
S718.7
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释放花绒寄甲和设置诱木防治松褐天牛对松材线虫病的控制作用研究.pdf
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