灌溉模式与种植方式对河西地区青贮玉米生长、产量和经济效益的影响
摘要： 为探究灌溉模式与种植方式对青贮玉米（Zea mays L.）生长、产量和经济效益的影响，本研究在河西地区设置3个种植方式（S：青贮玉米单播；SM：青贮玉米与秣食豆（Glycine max L.Merr）混播；SL：青贮玉米与拉巴豆（Lablab purpureus L.Sweet）混播）和6种灌溉模式（W1：6叶期灌溉；W2：6叶期和12叶期灌溉；W3：6叶期和散粉期灌溉；W4：6叶期、12叶期和散粉期灌溉；W5：6叶期、散粉期和灌浆期灌溉；W6：6叶期、12叶期、散粉期和灌浆期灌溉）进行田间试验。结果表明：SM、SL和S种植下玉米的株高、茎粗和相叶绿素含量差异不显著，但SM和SL较S显著提高了叶面积指数；SM和SL的鲜干草产量和净收益显著高于S；在灌浆期和收获期，W5和W6的株高、茎粗、相对叶绿素含量和叶面积指数显著高于W1；W5、W6的鲜干草产量和净收益显著高于W1，W2和W3。所有处理中，SM-W5获得了最高的干草产量和净收益，是河西地区青贮玉米适宜的栽培模式。
关键词: 调亏灌溉, 青贮玉米, 豆科作物, 混播, 产量, 经济效益
Abstract: The field study was carried out in Hexi area,to explore the effects of irrigation mode and planting patterns on forage growth,yield and economic benefits of silage corn. Three planting patterns (S:single sown of silage maize,SM:mixed sowing of silage maize and fodder soybean,SL:mixed sowing of silage maize and dolichos lablab) and six irrigation modes (W1:irrigation at the 6 leaves stage,W2:irrigation at 6 and 12 leaves stage,W3:irrigation at 6 leaves stage and pollen dispersal stage,W4:irrigation at the 6,12 leaves stage and pollen dispersal stage,W5:irrigation at the 6 leaves,pollen dispersal and grain filling stage,W6:irrigation at all stages) were set. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the plant height,stem diameter and relative chlorophyll content between SM,SL and S treatments,while SM and SL significantly increased the leaf area index as compared with S treatment. And the fresh grass yield,hay yield and net income of SM and SL treatment were significantly higher than that of S treatment. At the grain filling and harvesting stages,the plant height,stem diameter,relative chlorophyll content and leaf area index of W5 and W6 treatments were significantly higher than those of W1 treatment. The fresh grass yield,hay yield and net income of W5 and W6 treatments were significantly higher than those of W1,W2 and W3 treatments. Among all the treatments,SM-W5 treatment obtained the highest hay yield and net income,resulted to be one of the suitable cultivation modes for silage maize in Hexi region.
Key words: Deficit irrigation, Silage maize, Legume crops, Mixed sowing, Grass yield, Economic benefits
中图分类号:
S816.5+3
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