丰林自然保护区木材腐朽真菌发生规律及其物种多样性
摘要： 木材腐朽真菌是森林生态系统中的一个重要类群，通过将木材中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分解成为可被自身和其他生物利用的营养物质，能够促进森林生态系统中的物质循环。通过对丰林自然保护区3个不同林分内木材腐朽真菌的分布特征开展野外调查，共得到标本966份，经鉴定为122种，隶属于7目17科49属，多孔菌科为该地区优势科。物种区系地理成分以北温带成分和世界广布成分为主，具有明显的北温带成分区系特征。通过比较3个林分内木材腐朽真菌群落组成结构，发现阔叶红松混交林内褐腐菌数量较多，占总体的29.9%，杨桦林和云冷杉林内木材腐朽真菌主要为白腐菌，分别占总体的93.6%和90.6%。阔叶红松混交林中木材腐朽真菌物种多样性指数最高，Shannon指数4.60，Simpson指数0.99，Pielou均匀度指数0.99。该保护区中木材腐朽真菌多数生长在腐朽等级为2、3级的倒木上。通过比较3个林分内主要树种上木材腐朽真菌的分布特点，发现林分类型、寄主腐烂程度和直径大小是影响该地区木材腐朽真菌分布的主要因素，同样的树种在不同林分中所生长的木材腐朽真菌种类不同。
关键词: Poisson回归模型, 红松林, 一级枝条分布, 二级枝条分布, 负二项回归模型
Abstract: Wood-decaying fungi are an important group in the forest ecosystem. They can improve the material cycling by decomposing cellulose, semi-cellulose and lignin of wood into nutrition that can be absorbed easily by themselves and other organisms. An investigation about the distribution characters of wood-decaying fungi was carried in three forest types in the Fenglin Nature Reserve. Nine hundred and sixty-six specimens were collected and identified to 122 species, belonging to 49 genera, 17 families and 7 orders. The majority of the polypores in Fenglin are north temperate element and cosmopolitan element, showing a distinct north temperate character. By comparing the fungal community composition of the three forest types, we found that the number of brown rotting fungi in the broad leaved-Korean pine mixed forest was greater than that of the poplarbirch forest and fir forest, accounting for 29.9% of the whole individuals. The white rotting fungi were the major group in the other two forests with 93.6% and 90.6% of the whole individuals, respectively. The fungal biodiversity in the broad leavedKorean pine mixed forest was the highest, with Shannon diversity index 4.60, Simpson index 0.99 and Pielou evenness index 0.99. Most of the wood-decaying fungi of Fenglin Nature Reserve preferred growing on the fallen wood with decaying degrees 2 and 3. Forest type, decaying degree and diameters of host wood were the main reasons affecting fungal community. Even growing on the same species of host, the fungal species were different in the different forest types.
Key words: first-order branch distribution, Pinus koraiensis, Poisson regression model, negative binomial regression model., second-order branch distribution
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