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A new chromosome

花匠小妙招
2025-05-20 16:47

The cultivated diploid Brassica oleracea is an important vegetable crop, but the genetic basis of its domestication remains largely unclear in the absence of high-quality reference genomes of wild B. oleracea. Here, we report the first chromosome-level assembly of the wild Brassica oleracea L. W03 genome (total genome size, 630.7 Mb; scaffold N50, 64.6 Mb). Using the newly assembled W03 genome, we constructed a gene-based B. oleracea pangenome and identified 29 744 core genes, 23 306 dispensable genes, and 1896 private genes. We re-sequenced 53 accessions, representing six potential wild B. oleracea progenitor species. The results of the population genomic analysis showed that the wild B. oleracea populations had the highest level of diversity and represents the most closely related population to modern-day horticultural B. oleracea. In addition, the WUSCHEL gene was found to play a decisive role in domestication and to be involved in cauliflower and broccoli curd formation. We also illustrate the loss of disease-resistance genes during selection for domestication. Our results provide new insights into the domestication of B. oleracea and will facilitate the future genetic improvement of Brassica crops.

中文翻译：

野生 Brassica oleracea 的新染色体尺度基因组为芸苔属作物的驯化提供了见解

栽培的二倍体 Brassica oleracea 是一种重要的蔬菜作物，但由于缺乏野生 B. oleracea 的高质量参考基因组，其驯化的遗传基础在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们报道了野生 Brassica oleracea L. W03 基因组的第一次染色体水平组装（总基因组大小，630.7 Mb;支架 N50,64.6 Mb）。利用新组装的 W03 基因组，构建了基于基因的甘蓝双歧杆菌泛基因组，鉴定了 29 744 个核心基因、23 306 个可有可无基因和 1896 个私有基因。我们对 53 个种质进行了重新测序，代表了 6 个潜在的野生 B. oleracea 祖先物种。种群基因组分析的结果表明，野生 B. oleracea 种群具有最高的多样性，是与现代园艺 B. oleracea 关系最密切的种群。此外，发现 WUSCHEL 基因在驯化中起决定性作用，并参与花椰菜和西兰花凝乳的形成。我们还说明了在驯化选择过程中抗病基因的丢失。我们的结果为甘蓝作物的驯化提供了新的见解，并将促进芸苔属作物的未来遗传改良。