冷水灌溉对水稻扬花期遭受短时高温危害的缓解效果
摘要：
以灌溉水的温度处理（冷水初始温度20.0℃、常温水初始温度27.7℃）为主区，以气温处理（高温38.0℃、自然气温32.0℃）为副区，进行裂区实验设计，开展田间实验，探索高温与自然气温下水稻体温的变化特征及冷水灌溉和常温水灌溉对水稻剑叶、穗及节间温度的影响规律。结果表明：与自然气温相比，高温条件下水稻剑叶、穗及节间温度分别显著提高5.9℃、5.7℃ 和 0.9℃。高温条件下使用两种温度的水灌溉时，冷水灌溉（LHT）处理的水温升高更快、升温幅度更大，10：00−15：00升温幅度达 6.0℃；而常温水灌溉的水温变化缓慢，从10：00的27.7℃升至15：00的30.0℃，升温仅2.3℃。可见，高温条件下灌溉冷水比常温水吸收更多的热量。因此，高温条件下，与常温水灌溉处理相比，冷水灌溉处理使水稻剑叶、穗及节间温度显著降低了1.5℃、1.3℃ 和 1.6℃，增大了气−叶温差、气−穗温差及气−节间温差。高温条件下，冷水灌溉能有效降低水稻体温，起到良好的避热效果，因此可以考虑作为缓解高温热害的一种技术手段。
关键词: 冷水灌溉, 水稻, 扬花期, 短时高温, 缓解效果
Abstract:
Whether irrigation water with low temperature could affect the temperatures of rice plants (including flag leaves, panicles and stems) under high air temperature remains unknown now. A field experiment was conducted with a split-plot design under field conditions. The experiment included four treatments, i.e. high air temperature with irrigation water of low temperature, high air temperature with irrigation water of normal temperature, natural air temperature with irrigation water of low temperature and natural air temperature with irrigation water of normal temperature, during which irrigation water temperature treatments were regarded as main plots (initial water temperature 20.0℃ for cold water irrigation treatment and initial water temperature 27.7℃ for irrigation with normal temperature) and air temperature treatments were seemed as subplots (the average air temperature 38.0℃ for high air temperature treatment and the average air temperature 32.0℃ for natural air temperature treatment). The change characteristics of rice plant temperatures and the effect of irrigation with cold water and normal temperature water on the temperatures of rice flag leaves, panicles and internodes were explored in this paper. The experimental results indicated that, under high air temperature, the temperatures of rice flag leaves, panicles and the internodes were markedly enhanced by 5.9℃, 5.7℃ and 0.9℃, respectively, as compared with those for natural air temperature. Under high air temperature, the water temperature for irrigation with cold water treatment increased faster and changed larger than that for irrigation with normal temperature water, with the former increasing by 6.0℃ from 10：00 to 15：00 while the latter increasing only by 2.3℃ from 10：00 to 15：00. The phenomenon suggested that the cold water could absorb more energy from surrounding environment than normal temperature water under high air temperature. Therefore, under high air temperature, the irrigation with cold water treatment pronouncedly decreased the temperatures of flag leaves, panicles and the internodes by 1.5℃, 1.3℃ and 1.6℃, respectively, furthermore, increased the temperature differences between air and flag leaves, between air and panicles and between air and internodes, as compared to those for irrigation with normal temperature water treatment. Irrigation with cold water could significantly reduce organs temperatures within rice plants under high air temperature, which played a key role in alleviating heat-stress. Correspondingly, it should be considered as a method to mitigate high air temperature damage in rice production.
Key words: Irrigation with cold water, Rice, Flowering stage, Short-term high air temperature, Alleviation effect
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