首页 > 分享 > 城市热岛效应的影响机理及其作用规律——以上海市为例

城市热岛效应的影响机理及其作用规律——以上海市为例

花匠小妙招
2024-09-30 05:20

以上海市为例，从土地利用规模和强度的变化、类型和布局的变化、利用方式的变化三个方面揭示其对热岛效应的影响机理；实证分析结果表明：（1）土地城市化是上海城市热岛强度的主要影响因素；就建成区扩张对热岛强度的具体影响而言，累积效应大于其增量效应；（2）工业化、房地产开发、人口增长对上海城市热岛强度均具有较大的影响；就经济发展和能源消耗对城市热岛强度的具体影响而言，密度效应通常大于其规模效应；就全社会房屋竣工面积、20 层以上高层建筑数量对热岛强度的影响而言，累积效应小于增量效应；就人口增长对城市热岛强度的具体影响而言，密度效应与规模效应大体相近；（3）土地利用和城市发展模式的差异导致了城市热岛效应的空间差异。

Abstract

Urban heat island is the interactive result between human factors and the local weather conditions. In terms of human factors, land use and land cover change, anthropogenic heat and atmospheric emissions of pollutants caused by the interaction between industrialization and urbanization are particularly important. This article reveals the impacting mechanism of urban heat islands effect from the three aspects including scale and intensity, types and layout, and patterns of land use changes exemplified by Shanghai. Empirical evidences show that: (1) Land urbanization is the most important factor affecting urban heat island intensity in Shanghai. In terms of the influence of built-up area expansion on heat island intensity, accumulative effect is greater than incremental effect; (2) Industrialization, real estate development, and population growth are the second more important factors impacting urban heat island intensity in Shanghai. As far as the influence of economic development and energy consumption on heat island intensity is concerned, density effect is often greater than size effect; in terms of the influence of floor space of completed buildings and buildings with over 20 storeys on heat island intensity, accumulative effect is less than incremental effect; as for the influence of population growth on heat island intensity, density effect and size effect are approximately equivalent; (3) Dissimilar urban land properties or types and urban development modes lead to spatial disparity in urban heat island intensity.

关键词

规模效应 /增量效应 /密度效应 /影响因素 /关联性规律 /热岛效应 /累积效应{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

heat islands effect /incremental effect /impacting factors /accumulative effect /size effect /density effect /relevant laws{{custom_keyword}} /

参考文献

[1] Bornstein, R D. Observations of the urban heat island effect in New York City. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 1968, 7: 575-582.
[2] Magee N, Curtis J, Wendler G. The urban heat island effect at Fairbanks, Alaska. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1999, 64: 39-47.
[3] Morris C J G, Simmonds I, Plummer N. Quantification of the influences of wind and cloud on the nocturnal urban heat island of a large city. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2001, 40(2): 169-182.
[4] Baumann P R. An urban heat island Washington D. C., URL: http://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/baumanpr/geosat2/ Urban_Heat_Island/Urban_Heat_Island.htm
[5] Ackerman B. Temporal march of the Chicago heat island. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1985, 24(6): 547-554.
[6] Steve Kardinal Jusuf, Wong N H, Emlyn Hagen et al. The influence of land use on the urban heat island in Singapore. Habitat International, 2007, 31(2): 232-242.
[7] Sarkar H. Study of land cover and population density influences on urban heat island in tropical cities by using remote sensing and GIS: A methodological consideration. 3`d FIG Regional Conference Jakarta, Indonesia, October 3-7, 2004.
[8] Ding Jincai, Zhang Zhikai, Xi Hong et al. A study of the high temperature distribution and the heat island effect in the summer of the Shanghai area. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2002, 26(3): 413-421.[丁金才, 张志凯, 奚红等. 上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究. 大气科学, 2002, 26(3): 413-421.]
[9] Yue Wenze, Xu Jianhua. Impact of human activities on urban thermal environment in Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(3): 247-256.[岳文泽, 徐建华. 上海市人类活动对热环境的影响. 地理学报, 2008, 63(3): 247-256.]
[10] Cao Aili, Zhang Hao, Zhang Yan et al. Decadal changes of air temperature in Shanghai in recent 50 years and its relation to urbanization. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(6): 1663-1669.[曹爱丽, 张浩, 张艳等. 上海近50 年气温变化与城市化发展的关系.地球物理学报, 2008, 51(6):1663-1669.]
[11] Mu Haizhen, Kong Chunyan, Tang Xu et al. Preliminary analysis of temperature change in Shanghai and urbanization impacts. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2008, 24(6): 672-678.[穆海振, 孔春燕, 汤绪等. 上海气温变化及城市化影响初步分析. 热带气象学报, 2008, 24(6): 672-678.]
[12] Wang Guixin, Shen Xulei. On the relationship between urbanization and hear island effectin Shanghai. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 2010, 5(2): 1-11.[王桂新, 沈续雷. 上海城市化发展对城市热岛效应影响关系之考察. 亚热带资源与环境学报, 2010, 5(2): 1-11.]
[13] Yang Yingbao, Su Weizhong, Jiang Nan et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of urban heat island effect change of Nanjing city and its relation with land use change. Geographical Research, 2007, 26(5): 877-887.[杨英宝, 苏伟忠, 江南等. 南京市热岛效应变化时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系. 地理研究, 2007, 26(5): 877-887.]
[14] Wang Wenjie, Shen Wenming, Liu Xiaoman. Research on the relation of the urbanization and urban heat island effect changes in Beijing based on remote sensing. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2006, 19(2): 44-45.[王文杰, 申文明, 刘晓曼. 基于遥感的北京市城市化发展与城市热岛效应变化关系研究. 环境科学研究, 2006, 19(2): 44-45.]
[15] Yue Wenze, Xu Jianhua, Xu Lihua. An analysis on eco-environmental effect of urban land use based on remote sensing images. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(5): 1450-1460.[岳文泽, 徐建华, 徐丽华. 基于遥感影像的城市土地利用生态环境效应研究. 生态学报, 2006, 26(5): 1450-1460.]
[16] Su Weizhong, Yang Yingbao, Yang Guishan. Distributional characteristics of urban thermal space and relations with land use/cover of Nanjing. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005, 25(6): 697-703.[苏伟忠, 杨英宝, 杨桂山. 南京市热场分布特征及其与土地利用/覆被关系研究. 地理科学, 2005, 25(6): 697-703.]
[17] Tang Xi, Shu Jiong, Yue Qun. Relationship between vegetation and urban heat-island effect in Shanghai. Journal of East China Normal University: Natural Science, 2008, (1): 119-128.[唐曦, 束炯, 乐群. 基于遥感的上海城市热岛效应与植被的关系研究. 华东师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, (1): 119-128.]
[18] Yu Zhixi. Urban Ecology. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1992.[于志熙. 城市生态学. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992.]
[19] 张宏伟. 中国城市犯病超高层, 建的太多后患无穷. 第一财经网站, 2013-07-26. http://sh.focus.cn/news/2013-07-26/ 3689611.html.
[20] Lin Xuechun, Yu Shuqiu. Interdecadal changes of temperature in the Beijing region and its heat island effect. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2005, 48(1): 39-45.[林学椿, 于淑秋. 北京地区气温的年代际变化和热岛效应. 地球物理学报, 2005, 48(1): 39-45.]
[21] Ji Chongping, Liu Weidong, Xuan Chunyi. Impact of urban growth on the heat island in Beijing. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2006, 49(1): 69-77.[季崇萍, 刘伟东, 轩春怡. 北京城市化进程对城市热岛的影响研究. 地球物理学报, 2006, 49(1): 69-77.]
[22] Zhu Yan, Yang Jinbiao, Zhu Lianfang et al. The investigation of the relationship between urbanization process and climate change in Suzhou. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2012, 32(3): 317-324.[朱焱, 杨金彪, 朱莲芳等. 苏州城市化进程与城市气候变化关系研究. 气象科学, 2012, 32(3): 317-324.]