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Distribution of Aluminum over the Tetrahedral Sites in ZSM

花匠小妙招
2025-07-28 14:52

ArticleJune 11, 2018

Distribution of Aluminum over the Tetrahedral Sites in ZSM-5 Zeolites and Their Evolution after Steam Treatment
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Julian Holzinger

Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Pablo Beato*

Pablo Beato

Haldor Topsøe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

*Phone: +45 2275 4681. E-mail: pabb@topsoe.com

Lars Fahl Lundegaard

Haldor Topsøe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

Jørgen Skibsted*

Jørgen Skibsted

Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

*Phone: +45 8715 5946. Fax: +45 8619 6199. E-mail: jskib@chem.au.dk

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 27

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Published June 11, 2018

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Abstract

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Zeolite ZSM-5 is one of the most widely used zeolites, in particular in heterogeneous catalysis. This work investigates the incorporation of Al in the silica framework of monoclinic ZSM-5 and the Al speciation during steam treatment for four ZSM-5 samples with different Si/Al ratios, using ultrahigh field 27Al NMR (22.3 T), 29Si NMR, X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. 27Al MQMAS NMR at 22.3 T allows identification and quantification of 10 distinct tetrahedral framework resonances which are assigned to the crystallographic sites by their average T–O–T angles, determined from powder XRD patterns for the same samples. A clear Al site preference is observed and found to be dependent on the Si/Al ratio of the parent zeolite. The framework sites facing the intersections in ZSM-5 are found to be most prone to dealumination, whereas Al in the straight and sinusoidal-shaped channels are more stable toward steam treatment at high temperatures. Extra-framework Al species with 5- and 6-fold coordination and two distorted tetrahedral AlO4 sites have also been identified. The spectroscopic data are supported by catalytic activities from α-test cracking experiments which are in accordance with a reinsertion of Al in the framework at mild steaming and the onset of dealumination at higher temperatures.

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Supporting Information

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05277.

Table including Si/Al ratios from ICP, 29Si and 27Al NMR, the relative intensities from 29Si NMR, and EFAl%; thermogravimetric mass loss curves; powder X-ray patterns; T–O–T bond angles obtained from analysis of the powder XRD patterns; 27Al MQMAS NMR spectra (22.3 T) for all parent calcined and harsh steamed samples; examples of simulated contour plots for the 27Al MQMAS NMR spectrum of sample A 300/5; 27Al MQMAS NMR spectra (14.1 T) for sample B calc; relative intensities for the 10 resolved framework Al resonances; single-pulse 27Al MAS NMR spectra of samples C and D; 27Al MQMAS NMR spectra (14.1 T) for sample B 500/48; and intensity evolutions of the different Al sites for samples A, C, and D (PDF)

jp8b05277_si_001.pdf (2.4 MB)

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