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阿根廷野生向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)的遗传多样

花匠小妙招
2025-08-01 08:53

引用次数: 9

摘要

研究入侵种群的遗传多样性水平和模式，对于了解促进入侵的进化和生态因素，更好地制定预防和控制策略具有重要意义。野生向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)原产于北美，在包括阿根廷(ARG)在内的几个国家被引进，并已成为入侵物种。本文采用经典的群体遗传分析和近似贝叶斯计算(ABC)模型，研究了野生向日葵在ARG的入侵历史。我们分析了来自ARG(入侵地)和美国(本土地)的15个种群的115个个体的14个核和3个叶绿体简单序列重复标记以及23个表型变量。来自ARG的群体表现出与美国群体相似的核遗传多样性水平，叶绿体基因组遗传多样性更高，表明在入侵过程中没有出现严重的遗传瓶颈。基于核标记的贝叶斯聚类分析表明存在三个遗传聚类，它们都存在于US和ARG中。主成分判别分析(DAPC)发现美国中部种群和ARG种群之间总体种群结构较低，但从其他种群中分离出两个入侵种群。ABC模型支持多次引入，但也支持在ARG内向南扩散。遗传和表型数据支持美国中部作为引种源，而二次引种源无法确定。最后，利用叶绿体基因组的遗传标记，我们发现阿根廷ARG的群体结构低于美国群体，这表明种子介导的基因流在阿根廷发挥了作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Genetic diversity and population structure of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Argentina: reconstructing its invasion history.

Studying the levels and patterns of genetic diversity of invasive populations is important to understand the evolutionary and ecological factors promoting invasions and for better designing preventive and control strategies. Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is native to North America and was introduced, and has become invasive, in several countries, including Argentina (ARG). Here, using classical population genetic analyses and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) modelling, we studied the invasion history of wild sunflower in ARG. We analyzed 115 individuals belonging to 15 populations from ARG (invasive range) and United States (US, native range) at 14 nuclear and three chloroplast simple sequence repeat markers along with 23 phenotypic variables. Populations from ARG showed similar levels of nuclear genetic diversity to US populations and higher genetic diversity in the chloroplast genome, indicating no severe genetic bottlenecks during the invasion process. Bayesian clustering analysis, based on nuclear markers, suggests the presence of three genetic clusters, all present in both US and ARG. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) detected an overall low population structure between central US and ARG populations but separated two invasive populations from the rest. ABC modelling supports multiple introductions but also a southward dispersal within ARG. Genetic and phenotypic data support the central US as a source of introduction while the source of secondary introductions could not be resolved. Finally, using genetic markers from the chloroplast genome, we found lower population structure in ARG when compared to US populations, suggesting a role for seed-mediated gene flow in Argentina.

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