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12 python数据可视化（精讲柱状图&条形图）

花匠小妙招
2025-09-01 11:47

00 载入扩展库

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

01 柱状图

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.bar(x,y,align='center',color=colors)

02 条形图

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.barh(x,y,align='center',color=colors)

03 改变X轴和Y轴的坐标标识

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.bar(x,y,align='center',color=colors)
plt.xticks(x,['a','b','c','d','e'])

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.barh(x,y,align='center',color=colors)
plt.yticks(x,['a','b','c','d','e'])

04 堆积（叠加）

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
y1=[2,6,3,8,5]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.bar(x,y,align='center',color=colors)
plt.bar(x,y1,align='center',bottom=y,color='k')
plt.xticks(x,['a','b','c','d','e'])

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
y1=[2,6,3,8,5]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.barh(x,y,align='center',color=colors)
plt.barh(x,y1,align='center',left=y,color='k')
plt.yticks(x,['a','b','c','d','e'])

05 并列

x=np.arange(1,6,1)
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
y1=[2,6,3,8,5]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.bar(x,y,align='center',width=0.4,color=colors)
plt.bar(x+0.4,y1,align='center',width=0.4,color='k')
plt.xticks(x+0.2,['a','b','c','d','e'])

x=np.arange(1,6,1)
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
y1=[2,6,3,8,5]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.barh(x,y,align='center',height=0.4,color=colors)
plt.barh(x+0.4,y1,align='center',height=0.4,color='k')
plt.yticks(x+0.2,['a','b','c','d','e'])

06 hatch的使用

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.bar(x,y,align='center',color=colors,hatch='//')

x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[6,10,4,5,1]
colors=['r','b','g','m','c']
plt.barh(x,y,align='center',color=colors,hatch='//')