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热岛效应对植物生长的影响以及叶片形态构成的适应性

花匠小妙招
2024-10-05 13:53

基金项目:

北京城市生态系统格局和过程的驱动机制和生态环境效应研究(s225)

Effect of urban heat island on plant growth and adaptability of leaf morphology constitute

Author:

WANG Yating

Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085,China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China
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FAN Lianlian

Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011,China
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摘要:

热岛效应是一种由于地表覆盖改变及人类活动导致的热量在城区空间范围内聚集的现象,是城市气候最明显的特征之一,随着越来越多的人口涌入城市以及伴随而生的超大城市的出现,城市热岛效应将更加凸显,这种环境温度的升高必将影响到各种景观园林植物的生理状态乃至形态结构。选取以生长在热岛点和有大量绿植覆盖的低温点的两种典型园林植物大叶黄杨和丁香作为实验材料,研究了这两种植物叶在城市热岛效应影响下,在热岛点和低温点中的形态特征。结果表明,在热岛点环境温度和二氧化碳浓度显著高于低温点,但其他环境要素差异并不显著。热岛点的大叶黄杨和丁香叶生物量分别是低温点的1.6倍和1.4倍。进一步研究表明,相较于低温点,在热岛点生长的植物叶表现出较低的比叶面积、单位重量和单位面积叶氮含量。生物量在向各部分组织分配时,热岛点的植物叶倾向于将更多的生物量分配给叶肉部分,而减少了对叶柄的生物量投入。

Abstract:

Urban heat island effect can be defined as a phenomenon of aggregating heat in urban sites caused by change of land cover and human activities, which is one of the most obvious characteristics of urban climate. Since increasing population enters into urban and super cities form consequently, urban heat island effect becomes more and more important. The increase of environmental temperature will certainly affect the physiology and even morphology of ornamental plants. Therefore, the experiments were carried out in two ornamental plants (Buxus megistophylla Lévl and Syzygium aromaticum), which respectively grew in urban heat island and urban cool island covered with abundant vegetation. During the growing season the environmental factors of urban heat island and urban cool island were observed, including , daytime temperature, nighttime temperature, soil temperature, soil volume water content, vapor pressure deficit and photosynthetically active radiation. The morphology characteristics of foliage of the two plants in urban heat island and urban cool island were investigated. Basing on the observation of biomass of whole foliage we further separated the foliage into three sections (lamina, mid-rib and petiole) to observe the allocation of biomass on different sections. Leaf nitrogen content of two plants in both urban heat island and urban cool island were also obtained in our study. Experimental results indicated that in urban heat island environmental temperature and were much higher than that in urban cool island obviously, whereas other environmental factors showed no significant difference. In urban heat island biomass of Buxus megistophylla Lévl and Syzygium aromaticum were 1.6 fold and 1.4 fold respectively compared to that in urban cool island. In addition to energy balance, overall foliage biomass investment between lamina and petiole was optimized. In urban heat island plants tended to allocate more biomass to lamina, but less to petiole. Furthermore, the allocation of dry mass per unit area also gave a significant difference, which could be described that plants in urban heat island tended to increase the allocation of dry mass per unit area on lamina, but decrease the allocation of dry mass per unit area on petiole. Plants in urban heat island exhibited larger foliage biomass as well as larger leaf area. However, further researches suggested that in contrast to urban cool island, in urban heat island foliage of plants exhibited lower specific leaf area. Many research works indicated that Nmass and Narea showed a highly positive relative relationship with the specific leaf area. Then in our research Nmass and Narea of plants in urban heat island both decreased along with the reduction of specific leaf area. Narea of Buxus megistophylla Lévl in urban heat island and urban cool island exhibited a significant difference (P<0.05). Narea of Buxus megistophylla Lévl in urban heat island was 0.73mg/g. Then Narea of Buxus megistophylla Lévl in urban cool island was 1.193mg/g. Narea of Buxus megistophylla Lévl and Syzygium aromaticum in urban heat island were both lower than that in urban cool island (P<0.05). Therefore, urban heat island effect obviously affected the morphology characteristics of plants, but the details of influence mechanism were unknown and further studies and discussions were still needed.

引用本文

王亚婷,范连连.热岛效应对植物生长的影响以及叶片形态构成的适应性.生态学报,2011,31(20):5992~5998

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