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北露天煤矿卡车道路保湿型抑尘剂研发及工业试验

花匠小妙招
2025-09-27 06:05

摘要:

卡车道路运输是露天煤矿最大粉尘源之一，尤其在夏季高温环境下路面水分蒸发量极大、卡车扰动强度极高。以霍林河北露天煤矿卡车路面为研究对象，分析NET200自卸卡车轮胎黏结粉尘受力状态及产尘机理；采集并测试道路岩土含水率、化学官能团及粒径分布，确定研发抑尘剂保湿、润湿及凝并的功能定位。单体优选试验确定保湿剂丙三醇、润湿剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠、凝并剂聚丙烯酰胺作为正交试验材料，以蒸发量作为主控指标，采用极差法确定保湿型抑尘剂最佳配方为3.0%丙三醇、0.25%十二烷基苯磺酸钠、0.05%聚丙烯酰胺；通过观测不同喷洒量下粉尘表面成膜状态和含水率变化，确定单位路面最佳喷洒量为1.6~2.0 L/m2。北露天煤矿12 d抑尘工业试验结果表明：单次试验周期内所有路段全尘、呼尘浓度均呈逐渐增高趋势，3次试验期间喷洒抑尘剂承重、非承重路段的全尘、呼尘浓度均显著低于常规洒水路段，且均分别低于全尘（4 mg/m3）、呼尘（2 mg/m3）规定限值，表明自主研发保湿型抑尘剂单次喷洒有效抑尘时间为3~4 d；喷洒抑尘剂能够有效提高粉尘中大颗粒占比，凝并团聚效果显著；喷洒抑尘剂承重、非承重路段土壤平均含水率分别为14%、12%，均为常规洒水路段2倍以上。保湿型抑尘剂能够大幅度延长单次喷洒有效抑尘时间，对矿区道路等动态工况抑尘具有显著适用性。

Abstract:

Truck road transport is one of the largest sources of dust in open-pit coal mines, especially in the high-temperature environment in summer where road moisture evaporation is extremely high and truck disturbance intensity is extremely high. Taking truck pavement of Horin River North Open-pit Coal Mine as the research background, the stress state and dust production mechanism of NET200 dump truck tire adhesion dust were analyzed; the moisture content, chemical functional groups and particle size distribution of the road soil were collected and tested, and the functional positioning of moisture, wetting and coagulation of the developed dust suppressant was determined. Monomer preference experiments were carried out to determine the humectant glycerol (B), wetting agent sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (T) and coagulant polyacrylamide (N) as the orthogonal test materials, with evaporation as the main control index. The range method was used to determine the best formulation of humectant dust suppressant as 3.0% glycerol, 0.25% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and 0.05% polyacrylamide. Through the observation of the dust surface film-forming state and water content changes under different spraying volumes, the best spraying volume was determined to be 1.6-2.0 L/m2 per unit of road surface. The results of the 12 d dust suppression industrial test in North Open-pit Coal Mine showed that the concentrations of total dust and respirable dust in all sections of the single test cycle were gradually increasing, and the concentrations of total dust and repairable dust in the dust suppressant sprayed load-bearing and non-load-bearing sections during the three tests were significantly lower than the corresponding sections of conventional water sprinkling, and they were lower than the specified limits of 4 mg/m3 of total dust and 2 mg/m3 of respirable dust, respectively, indicating that the independently developed moisturizing type dust suppressant spraying effective dust suppression time of single time was 3-4 d. Spraying dust suppressant could effectively increase the proportion of large particles in the dust, and condensation and agglomeration effect was significant. The average water content of the soil in spraying dust suppressant load-bearing and non-load-bearing section was 14% and 12%, respectively, more than 2 times the conventional sprinkling section. The research shows that the moisturizing dust suppressant can significantly extend the effective dust suppression time of a single spraying, and has significant applicability to dynamic working conditions such as mining roads.

图 1 黏结在轮胎上的粉尘的受力状态

注：Ts为轮胎与粉尘的黏结力，与轮胎磨损度、车载重量、粉尘性质等有关；Fc为空气浮力；Tf为粉尘受轮胎摩擦力；Fw为空气阻力；Fb为离心力，与车速、粉尘质量有关；W为粉尘受到的重力作用。

Figure 1. Stress state of the dust bonded on the tire

图 2 卡车诱导气流下空气压强梯度变化

注：Ph为卡车尾部附近空气压强；P0为轮胎底部路面附近空气压强。

Figure 2. Variation of air pressure gradient under truck-induced airflow

图 3 北露天煤矿卡车道路粉尘红外光谱与接触角测试结果

Figure 3. Test results of trunk road dust infrared spectroscopy and contact angle in North Open-pit Coal Mine

图 4 喷洒保湿剂后粉尘水分蒸发量变化

Figure 4. Variation of dust moisture evaporation after moisturizer spraying

图 5 喷洒润湿剂后粉尘渗透速率变化

Figure 5. Variation of dust infiltration rate after wetting agent spraying

图 6 不同体积分数凝并剂溶液黏度变化

Figure 6. Changes in viscosity of coagulant solutions of different concentrations

图 7 5种不同抑尘剂喷洒量下粉尘表面成膜状态

Figure 7. Five dust surface film forming states under different spraying amounts

图 8 不同抑尘剂喷洒量下粉尘含水率的变化趋势

Figure 8. Variation trend of dust moisture content under different spraying amounts

图 9 北露天煤矿夏季抑尘试验现场路段

注：蓝色线、黄色线分别为非承重、承重路段。

Figure 9. Road section of summer dust suppression test site of North Open-pit Coal Mine

图 10 北露天煤矿夏季抑尘试验现场路面粉尘浓度

注：a1、a2为抑尘承重路段；b1、b2为洒水承重路段；c1、c2为抑尘非承重路段；d1、d2为洒水非承重路段。

Figure 10. Pavement dust concentration of dust suppression test site of North Open-pit Coal Mine

图 11 北露天煤矿夏季抑尘试验现场路面土壤含水率

Figure 11. Soil moisture content of pavement dust of suppression test site of North Open-pit Coal Mine

表 1 试验所用试剂

Table 1 Materials used in the experiment

材料种类材料名称级别原料来源保湿剂聚丙烯酸钠分析纯天津市福晨化学试剂厂三乙醇胺分析纯济南贝亚特化工科技
有限公司丙三醇分析纯济南贝亚特化工科技
有限公司润湿剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠分析纯天津市福晨化学试剂厂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱分析纯天津市福晨化学试剂厂十二烷基硫酸钠分析纯天津市福晨化学试剂厂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵分析纯山东优索华工科技
有限公司凝并剂聚丙烯酰胺分析纯山东优索华工科技
有限公司羧甲基纤维素分析纯江阴海融环保科技
有限公司羧甲基纤维素钠分析纯江阴海融环保科技
有限公司可溶性淀粉分析纯济南贝亚特化工科技
有限公司

表 2 正交试验因素水平

Table 2 Orthogonal test factor levels %　

水平BNT 12.50.030.2523.00.040.3533.50.050.45

表 3 正交试验结果

Table 3 Orthogonal test results

项目因素蒸发量/（g/m2）BNT 1113213.302121159.263132115.08421190.105222140.966233116.697312147.088323110.23933193.81K1487.64450.48343.17K2347.75410.45403.12K3351.12325.58440.22R139.89117.997.05

表 4 北露天煤矿夏季抑尘试验现场路面粉尘粒径分布

Table 4 Analysis of particle size of pavement dust of dust suppression test site of North Open-pit Coal Mine

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