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凉水自然保护区松鼠（Sciurus vulgaris）贮食生境选择

花匠小妙招
2025-09-28 01:52

中图分类号:

Q958.1

Hoarding habitat selection of squirrels(Sciurus vulgaris) in Liangshui Nature Reserve

Author:

MA Jianzhang

School of Wildlife, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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ZONG Cheng

School of Wildlife, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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WU Qingming

School of Wildlife, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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ZOU Hongfei

School of Wildlife, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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SUN Yan

School of Wildlife, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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ZHENG Xin

School of Wildlife, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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摘要:

2003年10月～2004年4月，在黑龙江省小兴安岭凉水国家级自然保护区，应用跟踪观察法、样线调查法、样方调查法等研究方法，采用Vanderploeg和scavia 选择系数Wi和选择指数Ei作为衡量指标，对松鼠贮食红松种子生境选择进行了研究。研究表明，松鼠贮食对生境具有选择性：以主要林型为划分标准，松鼠偏爱贮食生境依次为：原始红松林，云杉林，人工云杉林，针叶混交林，人工落叶松林，针阔混交林，阔叶混交林，次生白桦林和人工红松林。在原始红松林内，松鼠对微生境的利用存在选择性差异：松鼠对郁闭良好（郁闭度大于0.6）、灌丛密度中等、倒木和枯立木密度中等（1～5个）、盗食动物活动较弱（大林姬鼠Apodemus peninsulae为主要盗食动物）的原始红松林生境表现出较强的选择性（Ei＞0.2）；而对坡度小于5°、基质为霉菌土、倒木和枯立木密度较高（大于5个）、草本盖度较高、盗食动物活动中等（花鼠Eutamias sibiricus为主要盗食动物）的原始红松林生境表现出较强的负选择性（Ei＜-0.2)，对阴坡表现出强烈的回避性（Ei=-0.5368）。

Abstract:

Previous studies show that the successful regeneration of Korean pine forests present a “gap" pattern. Excluding the influence of environmental factors, such as light and temperature, will the scatter-hoarding behavior of squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) play a key role in such a spatial pattern? In this study, by counting the Korean pine cones that squirrels held in their mouths for hoarding then discarded when they had finished the hoarding behavior, and measuring microhabitat Characters index in original Korean pine forest in the Liangshui national Nature Reserve of the Lesser Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China, we investigated the habitat selection and microhabitat utilization for hoarding behavior of squirrels. Results showed that hoarding behavior of squirrels exist selectivity. The squirrels selected habitat order by major vegetation types is as follows: first original Korean pine forest; second natural fir forest; third manmade fir forest; fourth mix-conifer leaf forest; fifth manmade fallen leaves pine forest; sixth mix-conifer-broadleaf forest; seventh mix-broadleaf forest; eighth birch forest; finally manmade Korean pine forest. Compared with the result, using cache spots as an index, the order of habitat selection changed, revealing that the latter research should include more factors, such as pilfering by other animals and second dispersal by the squirrels themselves or other species, and so forth.The Vanderploeg and Scavia selectivity index, Wi and Ei, were used to evaluate the microhabitat utilization of squirrels in the original Korean pine forest. Results indicated that the squirrels had a significantly micro-habitat utilization pattern: (1) Squirrels prefer to use the micro-habitat in original Korean pine forest with the high canopy, medium shrubby density, medium stub density, where pilfering animals are few (Ei＞0.2); (2) Squirrels did not like to utilize the micro-habitat in original Korean pine forest with a low slope degree, high density of fallen logs and stumps, high herbage cover and an abundance of pilfering animals(Ei＜-0.2), and they show dislike for a shaded slope (Ei=-0.5368). This kind of selectivity of microhabitat utilization for hoarding behavior of squirrels play an important role in the Korean pine seedling spatial pattern.

引用本文

马建章,宗诚,吴庆明,邹红菲,孙岩,郑昕.凉水自然保护区松鼠（Sciurus vulgaris）贮食生境选择.生态学报,2006,26(11):3542~3548

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